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Determining Age using Bones
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Epiphysis – end of long bone
Epiphysis line-growth plate Fused – bones joined together
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X-ray of Bone Growth
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What to Look For? If the person is young:
*Length of the bones (height) *Growth plate (epiphyseal line) Different bones fused at different times in our lives *Status of the teeth
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Young or Old?
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What to Look For? In people over 20:
Epiphysis on sternal end of clavicle is last epiphysis to fuse at approximately 30 years
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What to Look For? Over 30: Look for deterioration Less dense bones
More porous bones Normal X-ray Osteoporosis X-ray
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Best Bone for Age? The pelvis!
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Ischium and Pubis Ischium and pubis are almost completely united (7-8 years)
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Ileum, Ischium and Pubis
Ileum, ischium and pubis are joined together (13-14 years) Ileum, ischium and pubis fully ossified (no epiphyseal unions) (20-25 years)
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Sacrum Two lowest segments of sacral vertebrae are joined together (18 years) All segments of sacrum are united (25-30 years)
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Back View of Sacrum
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Head and Tuberosities Head and tuberosities are more defined at birth and join to become one epiphysis (6 years)
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Condyles Radial head, trochlea and external condyle blend to unite with shaft (16-17) Internal condyle unites with shaft (18)
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Upper Epiphysis Upper epiphysis unites with shaft (20)
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Changes in Femur Parts of the Femur
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Trochanters Greater trochanter appears at age 4
Lesser trochanter appears at ages 13-14 Head, greater and lesser trochanters join the shaft at age 18
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Condyles Condyles join shaft at age 20
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