1. SKIN APPENDAGES: HAIR, NAILS, GLANDS September 23-24 2014

2. Skin Appendages The skin appendages include cutaneous glands, hair, and nails.

3. Cutaneous Glands What is cutaneous? What is an exocrine gland?

4. Cutaneous Glands What is cutaneous? Relating to the skin What is an exocrine gland? A gland that releases its product to a particular site, rather than into the blood stream. (Endocrine glands release their products to the blood).

5. Cutaneous Glands 1) Sebaceous (oil) glands Found everywhere except palms of hands and soles of feet The ducts mostly empty into hair follicles Produce oily product called sebum Functions: Keep hair and skin from drying out Kill bacteria Become much more active in adolescence You’ll be able to identify sebaceous glands on slides by looking for large, roundish glands with a LARGE duct that empties into the hair follicle.

6. Cutaneous Glands 1) Sebaceous (oil) glands Found everywhere except palms of hands and soles of feet The ducts mostly empty into hair follicles Produce oily product called sebum Functions: Keep hair and skin from drying out Kill bacteria Become much more active in adolescence Fun fact: the ‘pores’ on our faces are actually hair follicles

7. Acne occurs when the hair follicle is clogged with sebum.

8. Cutaneous Glands 2) Sweat (sudoriferous) glands Eccrine glands produce sweat (water, salt, urea, lactic acid) Duct lead to pores in skin Functions Thermoregulation Excretion Bacterial inhibition (sweat is acidic) Apocrine glands produce a milky secretion fully of fatty acids and proteins. Small duct leads to hair follicle Function: Pheromone!

9. Cutaneous Glands 2) Sweat (sudoriferous) glands Eccrine glands produce sweat (water, salt, urea, lactic acid) Duct lead to pores in skin Functions Thermoregulation Excretion Bacterial inhibition (sweat is acidic) Apocrine glands produce a milky secretion full of fatty acids and proteins. Duct leads to hair follicle Function: Pheromone! Fun fact: Randy Thornhill’s work Notice that sweat glands, since they empty into the skin, are often farther and deeper than sebaceous glands

10. Cutaneous Glands – Quick Review Make a Venn Diagram comparing the three types of cutaneous glands. You may work with a partner. 5 min

11. Hair follicle The hair follicle is surrounded by a thin layer of epidermal tissue. The follicle is slanted unless the arrector pili muscles are contracted Dermal epidermal hair bulb Why/when do the arrector pili muscles contract? The arrector pili muscles contract when we are cold, to raise the hairs and reduce heat loss Change the words on the diagram of your guided notes

12. Hair Hair can be divided into the shaft (part outside of body) and root (inside body) Hair is produced by epithelial cells in the hair bulb, but as the cells are pushed away from the bulb they begin to die. Like the outer layer of the skin, the hair shaft is composed of dead, keratinized cells. Fun fact: Round shaft = straight, coarse hair Oval shaft = silky, wavy hair Flat shaft = curly hair

13. Nails Produced by epithelial cells The nail root, closest to the nail matrix, is living The outer part, like the hair and skin, consists of dead keratinized cells. Fun fact: Fingernails are a derived trait in primates

14. Quick Review Turn & Talk. Be prepared to share with the class. Are the skin appendages (cutaneous glands, hair, hair follicles, and nails) found in the dermis or epidermis? Justify your answer.

15. Quick Review Turn & Talk. Be prepared to share with the class. Are the skin appendages (cutaneous glands, hair, hair follicles, and nails) found in the dermis or epidermis? Justify your answer. They are in the epidermis, because the epidermis surrounds and gives rise to these structures. However, these structures usually sit deeper than the most of the epidermal tissue.

16. Label the diagram

17. A: epidermis B: dermis C: hypodermis 1: hair shaft 2: pores 3: Eccrine gland 4: sebaceous gland 5: capillary What did we talk about today that you don’t see on this diagram?

18. Label the diagram A: epidermis B: dermis C: hypodermis 1: hair shaft 2: pores 3: Eccrine gland 4: sebaceous gland 5: capillary What did we talk about today that you don’t see on this diagram? Apocrine glands.

19. Identify the parts of the skin 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8