1. Kakia Chatsiou GreekGram: Building a parallel grammar for Modern Greek 05.10.2007LAC day 20071 GreekGram Building a parallel grammar for Modern Greek Kakia Chatsiou achats@essex.ac.uk Dept of Language and Linguistics University of Essex Parts of this project have been funded with an ESRC Award PTA-2004-031-00112, support which is gratefully acknowledged. Parts of this presentation have been presented in the LangUE 2007 International Postgraduate Conference, University of Essex.

2. Kakia Chatsiou GreekGram: Building a parallel grammar for Modern Greek 05.10.2007LAC day 20072 Outline Introduction – Overview of the ParGram Project –Project Objectives –Participating Members –The XLE Platform –Grammar Architecture The GreekGram Project –Overview –Assumptions –Coverage –Demonstration –Future Development Directions

3. Kakia Chatsiou GreekGram: Building a parallel grammar for Modern Greek 05.10.2007LAC day 20073 Outline Introduction – Overview of the ParGram Project –Project Objectives –Participating Members –The XLE Platform –Grammar Architecture The GreekGram Project –Overview –Assumptions –Coverage –Demonstration –Future Development Directions

4. Kakia Chatsiou GreekGram: Building a parallel grammar for Modern Greek 05.10.2007LAC day 20074 An Overview of the ParGram Project Project Objectives Broad coverage grammars –Inclusion of important and frequently occurring constructions –Linguistically motivated analyses Parallel and crosslinguistic development of grammars between the participating members –All grammars are guided by a common set of linguistic principles and a commonly agreed upon set of grammatical analyses and features –Identical treatment of core crosslinguistic phenomena Methods in grammar engineering –Common test methods and evaluation strategies –Balance between efficiency, performance, reliability and maintainability across grammars

5. Kakia Chatsiou GreekGram: Building a parallel grammar for Modern Greek 05.10.2007LAC day 20075 Participating Members An Overview of the ParGram Project PARC, CA Chinese, English, French Essex Greek, Welsh Manchester Arabic Oxford Malagasy DCU, Ireland Chinese, English, French, German, Japanese, Spanish Fuji XEROX Japanese Bergen, Norway Georgian, Norwegian, Tigrinya Ho Chi Minch Vietnamese Debrecen Hungarian IMS, Stuttgart German Konstanz Urdu Sabanci, Istanbul Turkish

6. Kakia Chatsiou GreekGram: Building a parallel grammar for Modern Greek 05.10.2007LAC day 20076 An Overview of the ParGram Project The Xerox Linguistics Environment (XLE) Platform Under current development at PARC (Palo Alto Research Center, USA) An implementation of the Lexical Functional Grammar (LFG) Formalism Implemented in C; works in Unix, Linux, MacOS. MS Windows version under development. Integrates a morphological analyser employing Finite State Technology Can be used for both parsing and generation Includes tools for various grammar development activities (such as analysing performance, test-suites) The core technology used in the consumer search engine based on natural language processing which is currently under development by

7. Kakia Chatsiou GreekGram: Building a parallel grammar for Modern Greek An Overview of the ParGram Project search enginea Silicon Valley Company, currently building a transformative consumer search engine based on natural language processing: –It is based on technologies that take advantage of the structure and nuances of natural language –It offers an innovative approach to searching: It breaks the confines of keyword search  queries using natural language Makes search more natural and intuitive Aims at fundamentally changing how we search the web and at the same time delivering higher quality results (source: http://www.powerset.com )http://www.powerset.com 05.10.2007LAC day 20077

8. Kakia Chatsiou GreekGram: Building a parallel grammar for Modern Greek 05.10.2007LAC day 20078

9. Kakia Chatsiou GreekGram: Building a parallel grammar for Modern Greek 05.10.2007LAC day 20079 An Overview of the ParGram Project Basic Grammar Architecture Other Finite State Tools Other Finite State Tools Tokenizer Morpholo- gical Analyser FST Morpholo- gical Analyser FST Lexicon(s) (Hand-written Or Automatically Extracted) Lexicon(s) (Hand-written Or Automatically Extracted) LFG Grammar (rules, templates) LFG Grammar (rules, templates) Grammar Resources (parsing and generating) Grammar Resources (parsing and generating)

10. Kakia Chatsiou GreekGram: Building a parallel grammar for Modern Greek 05.10.2007LAC day 200710 Outline Introduction – Overview of the ParGram Project –Project Objectives –Participating Members –The XLE Platform –Grammar Architecture The GreekGram Project –Overview –Assumptions –Coverage –Demonstration –Future Development Directions

11. Kakia Chatsiou GreekGram: Building a parallel grammar for Modern Greek 05.10.2007LAC day 200711 The GreekGram Project Overview A preliminary effort to develop a large-scale LFG computational Grammar for Modern Greek Shares the objectives and principles of similar ParGram projects (parallel and crosslinguistic; balancing of maintainability and achieving large coverage) Current main focus is on development of grammar rules; the lexicon is kept as minimal as possible

12. Kakia Chatsiou GreekGram: Building a parallel grammar for Modern Greek 05.10.2007LAC day 200712 The GreekGram Project Assumptions Focus on syntax (but in such a way that the representations produced could serve as direct and useful input for incorporation into semantic interpretations) All four possible Modern Greek Word orders are treated as equally acceptable in terms of markedness and acceptability Modern Greek word Order is represented non-configurationally (Tzanidaki, 1996; Alexopoulou, 1999) No treatment of morphology (using the Morphological analyzer or some other Finite state tool) – there is a separate lexical entry for each form.

13. Kakia Chatsiou GreekGram: Building a parallel grammar for Modern Greek 05.10.2007LAC day 200713 The GreekGram Project Coverage All 4 possible word orders (irrespective of markedness) Pro-drop character of the language Subcategorisation frames of intransitive, transitive and ditransitive verbs Number, case and gender agreement within the NP or PP; subject-verb agreement Basic Relative Clause structure Coordination of relative clauses Some punctuation

14. Kakia Chatsiou GreekGram: Building a parallel grammar for Modern Greek 05.10.2007LAC day 200714 The GreekGram Project Demonstration

15. Kakia Chatsiou GreekGram: Building a parallel grammar for Modern Greek 05.10.2007LAC day 200715 The GreekGram Project Future Development Directions Account for a greater variety of verb subcategorisation frames Enrich the lexicon adding more lexical entries Account for the morphology within the lexicon, using the XFST (or other finite state tools) Expand the coverage of the grammar to other constructions such as interrogatives, imperatives and negation …

16. Kakia Chatsiou GreekGram: Building a parallel grammar for Modern Greek 05.10.2007LAC day 200716 Thank you! For more information and updates on the progress of the project visit http://privatewww.essex.ac.uk/~achats/projects/greekgram/index.html