1. Kakia Chatsiou Modern Greek Grammar fragment Implementation using XLE 06.06.2008FLATLANDS 20081 GreekGram Reporting on the progress of the implementation of a Modern Greek Grammar Fragment using the XLE parser Kakia Chatsiou achats@essex.ac.uk Dept of Language and Linguistics University of Essex Parts of this project have been funded with an ESRC Award PTA-2004-031-00112, support which is gratefully acknowledged. Previous versions of this report have been presented at the LangUE 2007 International Postgraduate Conference and the Language and Computation Day 2007, University of Essex.

2. Kakia Chatsiou Modern Greek Grammar fragment Implementation using XLE 06.06.2008FLATLANDS 20082 Outline Introduction – Overview of the ParGram Project –Project Objectives –Participating Members –The XLE Platform –Grammar Architecture The GreekGram Project –Overview –Assumptions –Coverage –Demonstration –Future Development Directions

3. Kakia Chatsiou Modern Greek Grammar fragment Implementation using XLE 06.06.2008FLATLANDS 20083 Outline Introduction – Overview of the ParGram Project –Project Objectives –Participating Members –The XLE Platform –Grammar Architecture The GreekGram Project –Overview –Assumptions –Coverage –Demonstration –Future Development Directions

4. Kakia Chatsiou Modern Greek Grammar fragment Implementation using XLE 06.06.2008FLATLANDS 20084 An Overview of the ParGram Project Project Objectives Broad coverage grammars –Inclusion of important and frequently occurring constructions –Linguistically motivated analyses Parallel and crosslinguistic development of grammars between the participating members –All grammars are guided by a common set of linguistic principles and a commonly agreed upon set of grammatical analyses and features –Identical treatment of core crosslinguistic phenomena Methods in grammar engineering –Common test methods and evaluation strategies –Balance between efficiency, performance, reliability and maintainability across grammars

5. Kakia Chatsiou Modern Greek Grammar fragment Implementation using XLE 06.06.2008FLATLANDS 20085 Participating Members An Overview of the ParGram Project PARC, CA Chinese, English, French Essex Greek, Welsh Manchester Arabic Oxford Malagasy DCU, Ireland Chinese, English, French, German, Japanese, Spanish Fuji XEROX Japanese Bergen, Norway Georgian, Norwegian, Tigrinya Ho Chi Minch Vietnamese Debrecen Hungarian IMS, Stuttgart German Konstanz Urdu Sabanci, Istanbul Turkish

6. Kakia Chatsiou Modern Greek Grammar fragment Implementation using XLE 06.06.2008FLATLANDS 20086 An Overview of the ParGram Project The Xerox Linguistics Environment (XLE) Platform Under current development at PARC (Palo Alto Research Center, USA) An implementation of the Lexical Functional Grammar (LFG) Formalism Implemented in C; works in Unix, Linux, MacOS. MS Windows version under development. Integrates a morphological analyser employing Finite State Technology Can be used for both parsing and generation Includes tools for various grammar development activities (such as analysing performance, test-suites) The core technology used in the consumer search engine based on natural language processing which is currently under development by

7. Kakia Chatsiou Modern Greek Grammar fragment Implementation using XLE 06.06.2008FLATLANDS 20087 An Overview of the ParGram Project search enginea Silicon Valley Company, currently building a transformative consumer search engine based on natural language processing: –It is based on technologies that take advantage of the structure and nuances of natural language –It offers an innovative approach to searching: It breaks the confines of keyword search  queries using both keywords, short phrases and natural language Makes search more natural and intuitive Aims at fundamentally changing how we search the web and at the same time delivering higher quality results currently searching Wikipedia with the help of FreeBase as the semantic knowledge database (source: http://www.powerset.com )http://www.powerset.com

8. Kakia Chatsiou Modern Greek Grammar fragment Implementation using XLE 06.06.2008FLATLANDS 20088 Search Engine Demo

9. Kakia Chatsiou Modern Greek Grammar fragment Implementation using XLE 06.06.2008FLATLANDS 20089 Demo – sample queries Who is Indiana Jones? Which are the films that Spielberg directed? I am looking for Van Gogh’s paintings Paintings by Van Gogh Albums by westlige Books by Charles Dickens

10. Kakia Chatsiou Modern Greek Grammar fragment Implementation using XLE 06.06.2008FLATLANDS 200810 The XLE parser interface

11. Kakia Chatsiou Modern Greek Grammar fragment Implementation using XLE 06.06.2008FLATLANDS 200811 An Overview of the ParGram Project Basic Grammar Architecture Other Finite State Tools Other Finite State Tools Tokenizer Morpholo- gical Analyser FST Morpholo- gical Analyser FST Lexicon(s) (Hand-written Or Automatically Extracted) Lexicon(s) (Hand-written Or Automatically Extracted) LFG Grammar (rules, templates) LFG Grammar (rules, templates) Grammar Resources (parsing and generating) Grammar Resources (parsing and generating)

12. Kakia Chatsiou Modern Greek Grammar fragment Implementation using XLE 06.06.2008FLATLANDS 200812 Outline Introduction – Overview of the ParGram Project –Project Objectives –Participating Members –The XLE Platform –Grammar Architecture The GreekGram Project –Overview –Assumptions –Coverage –Demonstration –Future Development Directions

13. Kakia Chatsiou Modern Greek Grammar fragment Implementation using XLE 06.06.2008FLATLANDS 200813 The GreekGram Project Overview A preliminary effort to develop a large-scale LFG computational Grammar for Modern Greek Shares the objectives and principles of similar ParGram projects (parallel and crosslinguistic; balancing of maintainability and achieving large coverage) Current main focus is on development of grammar rules and syntactic phenomena relevant to my thesis; the lexicon is kept as minimal as possible

14. Kakia Chatsiou Modern Greek Grammar fragment Implementation using XLE 06.06.2008FLATLANDS 200814 The GreekGram Project Assumptions Focus on syntax (but in such a way that the representations produced could serve as direct and useful input for incorporation into semantic interpretations) All four possible Modern Greek Word orders are treated as equally acceptable in terms of markedness and acceptability Modern Greek word Order is represented non-configurationally (Tzanidaki, 1996; Alexopoulou, 1999) No treatment of morphology (using the Morphological analyzer or some other Finite state tool) – there is a separate lexical entry for each form.

15. Kakia Chatsiou Modern Greek Grammar fragment Implementation using XLE 06.06.2008FLATLANDS 200815 The GreekGram Project Coverage All 4 possible word orders (irrespective of markedness) Pro-drop character of the language Subcategorisation frames of intransitive, transitive and ditransitive verbs Number, case and gender agreement within the NP or PP; subject-verb agreement Basic Relative Clause structure Coordination of relative clauses Some punctuation

16. Kakia Chatsiou Modern Greek Grammar fragment Implementation using XLE 06.06.2008FLATLANDS 200816 The GreekGram Project Demonstration

17. Kakia Chatsiou Modern Greek Grammar fragment Implementation using XLE 06.06.2008FLATLANDS 200817 The GreekGram Project Future Development Directions Account for a greater variety of verb subcategorisation frames Enrich the lexicon adding more lexical entries Account for the morphology within the lexicon, using the XFST (or other finite state tools) Expand the coverage of the grammar to other constructions such as interrogatives, imperatives and negation …

18. Kakia Chatsiou Modern Greek Grammar fragment Implementation using XLE 06.06.2008FLATLANDS 200818 Thank you! For more information and updates on the progress of the project visit http://privatewww.essex.ac.uk/~achats/projects/greekgram/index.html