1. Status and prospects of food grains and oilseeds in eastern states Deputy Director General (Crop Science) ICAR, Krishi Bhawan, New Delhi Workshop on “Agricultural Scenario in Eastern India - Review & Future Prospects” April 6, 2015

2. Eastern states of India Net Sown Area =23.52 mha (17%) Small & Marginal Farmers = 29% Population Below poverty lines= Varies from 20 % WB to 39.9% Chhattisgarh

3. Area (mha) of major crops in eastern states (TE ending 2013-14) State/CropRiceWheatMaizePulsesOilseeds Assam2.40.040.020.130.29 Bihar3.22.200.710.520.13 Chhattisgarh3.80.100.10.850.20 Jharkhand1.40.160.240.540.20 Odisha4.10.0010.10.780.25 West Bengal5.50.320.110.210.73 Total area of eastern states 20.42.8211.283.031.8 All India average area43.630.49.024.327.1 % of national acreage47914126

4. Production (mt) of major crops in eastern states (TE ending 2013-14) State/CropRiceWheatMaizePulsesOilseeds Assam4.80.040.020.130.29 Bihar6.75.102.100.520.14 Chhattisgarh6.50.100.200.500.2 Jharkhand3.00.320.430.550.1 Odisha7.20.0020.200.390.17 West Bengal15.00.910.430.190.82 Total production of eastern states 43.26.4723.382.281.72 All India average production 105.794.822.818.231.2 % share of national production 41715136

5. Productivity (kg/ha) of major crops in eastern states (TE ending 2013-14) State/CropRiceWheatMaizePulsesOilseeds Assam19811091809582579 Bihar20702295289410001093 Chhattisgarh170313091884633638 Jharkhand218519701764976727 Odisha169317152413506696 West Bengal2745240039098701114 Average of eastern states 206317972279761808 All India average2426314025427511151 % of national productivity 85579010170

6. Contribution of eastern states to all India acreage, production and yield for major crops CropEastern statesAll India % contribution to all India AreaProdnYieldAreaProdYieldAreaProdnYield Rice20.443.2206343.6105.72426 474185 Wheat2.86.5179730.494.83140 9757 Maize1.33.422799.022.82542 141590 Pulses3.02.376124.318.2751 1213101 Oilseed s 1.81.780827.131.21151 6670 Area: Million Hectare; Production: Million Tonnes; Yield: Kilogram/Hectare

7. Technological gap (%) for rice in eastern states (ICAR-FLDs: 2013-14) State FLD (kg/ha)State Yield (kg/ha)* Techn gap (%) Assam 2947 198149 Bihar 2507 207021 Chhattisgarh 3127 170384 Odisha 3087 169382 West Bengal 2913 27456 Eastern UP 3420 2421**41 ** Data pertains to entire UP * State average yield is based on the TE ending 2013-14

8. StateFLD (kg/ha) State yield (kg/ha)* Techn gap (%) Assam30531091180 Bihar4039229576 Chhattisgarh32181309146 Jharkhand3195197062 West Bengal2940240023 Technological gap (%) for wheat in eastern states (ICAR-FLDs: 2009-10 to 2013-14) ** Data pertains to entire UP * State average yield is based on the TE ending 2013-14

9. Technological Gap (%) for Rapeseed-Mustard in eastern states (ICAR-FLDs: 2009-10 to 2012-13) StateFLD Yield (kg/ha) State yield (kg/ha)* Techn gap (%) Assam1251 578 116 Bihar2243 1098 104 Chhattisgarh1308 502 160 Jharkhand903 714 26 Odisha1126 252 347 West Bengal1433 1016 41 * State average yield is based on the TE ending 2013-14

10. Technological gap (%) for gram in eastern states (ICAR-FLDs: 2011-12 to 2013-14) StateFLD Yield (kg/ha) State yield (kg/ha)* Techn gap (%) Assam 1059 53399 Bihar 2028 133752 Chhattisgarh 1418 94550 Jharkhand 1598 111044 Odisha 890 76916 WB 1741 113653 ** Data pertains to entire UP * State average yield is based on the TE ending 2013-14

11.  Pace of adoption of improved technologies is slow  Abiotic Stresses ( Submergence 5.0 mha, drought prone 8.78 mha, coastal salinity 1.39 mha etc)  Low level of farm mechanization  Small and fragmented land holdings  Lack of infrastructure for seed processing, seed storage etc.  Prone to natural calamities (frequent floods and droughts).  Poor infrastructure for procurement, transportation, roads, rural electrification

12. Stresses prone area in eastern India (lakh ha) StatesFlash flood proneDrought proneSalinity / Sodicity CoastalInland Assam8.02.000 Bihar11.010.001.5 Jharkhand08.200 Chhattisgarh027.300 Orissa11.612.61.50 WB10.314.64.40 Total 40.974.75.91.5 Percentage20363<1

13. StateRiceWheatMaizePulsesOilseeds Assam366002543 Bihar5592939121720 Chhattisgarh237870207551610 Jharkhand8120932815 Odisha300500206963 West Bengal1740087936 Total indents of eastern states729436412123652667 All India indents203889914454853743144126 % share of eastern states to national indents 364442 Indents for breeder seed (q) of major crops from eastern states ( 2010-11 to 2013-14)

14. Prospects  Improved technology in hand (high yielding varieties/hybrids, improved agronomic practices etc. and stress tolerant varieties of  Availability of ground water  Large fallow areas for second crop (8.75 mha)  Availability of machinery is improving ( Custom hiring)  Massive programme of farmers awareness ( ICT, KVKs etc.)

15. High-yielding Stress Tolerant Rice Varieties (IRRI-ICAR collaboration) Flood Tolerant 1.Swarna-Sub1 (2009) : 145 d 2.Samba-Sub1 (2014) : 120 d 3.Binadhan 11 (2015) : 115 d 4.CR-1009-Sub1 (released by TN in 2014 yet to be notified): 150 d Salt Tolerant 1.CR dhan 405 (2013) : 150 d 2.CR dhan 406 (2013) : 125 d 3.CSR 43 (2014) : 115 d 4. Gozaba (2014) : 120 day Drought Tolerant 1.Sahbhagi dhan (2010) : 110 d 2.IR 64 Drt (2014) : 125 d 3.Sukkha dhan 5 (2015): 130 d 4.Sukkha dhan 6 (2015) (tolerant to both drought & flood): 125 d High yielding STRVs have potential to both increase and stabilize rice productivity in Eastern India, which was not benefited during first green revolution. Ministry and state governments are promoting these varieties very extensively under NFSM and BGREI. 30% rice budget under these two scheme is allocated for these varieties during 2015.

16. Flood affected (10 d submergence) rice fields of Arun Kumar Singh at village Khuruhuja, District Chandoli, UP, India Swarna Swarna-Sub1

17. StatesKharif-rice area (million ha) Rabi fallow (million ha) Assam2.510.54 Bihar3.801.36 Chhattisgarh3.803.07 Jharkhand1.360.84 Odisha3.931.22 West Bengal5.411.72 Total20.818.75 Area under fallows in eastern states

18. THANK YOU