1. Bacillus anthracis (anthrax infection) Considered to be a zoonotic disease. Morphology: Gram stain Spor stain: Habitat: :is a major pathogen of animal (e.g. cattle, sheep, goats, and pigs). It is found in infected animal and dead animal infected with the organism, (hair, bones, wall). Spores can remain for long time Virulence Pathogenesis : Coetaneous anthrax Gastrointestinal form Pulmonary anthrax Meningitis following anthrax bacteremia

2. Bacillus anthracis Bacillus cereus

3. Laboratory diagnosis Specimens: Direct microscopic examinations: Culture: When working with suspected B. anthraces, one should use extreme caution work in bacteriologic safety hood, avoid creating aerosols, and decontaminate all areas thoroughly with sporicidal germicide such as acid Atmosphere: streaked aerobic Temperature Atompspher: blood agar Culture on blood agar + sodium bicarbonate String of pearl test

4. Identification of non-cultural:  Direct immuno-floresent  Gram stain  McFadyean ’ s reaction: is used to demonstrate b. anthracis in the blood of animals, in a heat-fixed film stained with polychrome methylen blue. Bleu bacilli surrounded by purplish-pink a positive reaction  String of pearls  Esculine precipitation test (ascotiy).  Liquefaction of gelatine,  Voges-Proskauer, nitrate reduce to nitrite, and catalase positive  Pathogenesis to animal: subcuaetaenous injection of B. anthrax recover organism in blood, exudates wound, spleen and liver. It is fatal.  Gelatin liquefaction: inverted pin e tree growth, slow liquefaction  Reduced nitrate to nitrites

5. Other characteristic The organism resistance to chemical disinfectant antiseptics The vegetative form are killed at 60C after 30 minutes The spores resist dry heat 130 c for 3 hours It killed after autoclaving at 121c for 15 minutes Also by 4% potassium permanganate after 15 minutes 1/1000 mercuric chloride after 30 minutes 0.25% formal aldehyed solution for 60c for 6 hours sensitive to gamma phage and penicillin antigenic structure: it produce toxins which is antigenic Prophylaxis

6. Anthracoid Bacillus cereus Morphology: Habitat Habitat Bacillus cereus is a normal inhabitant of the soil, but it can be regularly isolated from foods such as grains and spices Culture Identification Mcfadyants reaction,,,negative String of pearls test,,,negative Direct and indirect immunofolorescent test,,, negative Pathogenesis: B. cereuscauses two types of food-borne intoxications "short-incubation" -short-incubation form is caused by a preformed heat- stable enterotoxin- This type is referred to as the "long-incubation"-The long-incubation form of illness is mediated by a heat-labile enterotoxin -

7. Treatment: Because of b-lactamase production, B. cereouse n ot suciptable to penicilline, it is suceptable to gentamicin, clindamicin, erythromycin and vancomycin Bacillus subtilis Habitat It found in the environment Culture as previous It causes contamination of blood lead to sever reaction after blood transfusion Food poisoning Septicemia Pneumoniae Wound infection Ocular infection Colonies are large ground glass appearance Susceptible to penicillin