1. Muscle Anatomy and Physiology Lab
Jana Causey
Chris Christen
Amanda Parker
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Part I: Identification of Muscles and their Actions Student Learning Goals
Identify various muscles in the human body using images and human muscle models.
Identify the action, origin and, insertion of each muscle identified.
Identify prime movers (agonists), antagonistic muscles, synergistic muscles, and fixators/stabilizers of each muscle action.
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3. Review: Planes of the Body
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Terminology
Origin – point at which a muscle attaches to a bone and is static
Insertion – point at which a muscle attaches to a bone and moves that bone upon contraction
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Terminology
Prime mover (Agonist) – primary muscle completing the action
Antagonist – relaxes to allow the agonist to contract; contraction results in an opposite movement
Synergist(s) – hold the body in the correct position to complete the action
Fixator/Stabilizer – special synergist that stabilizes the bone of the prime movers origin
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Epicranius
Corrugator
supercilii
Frontal belly
Orbicularis oculi
Occipital
belly
Levator labii
superioris
Zygomaticus
minor and major
Temporalis
Buccinator
Masseter
Sternocleidomastoid
Orbicularis oris
Trapezius
Mentalis
Depressor
labii inferioris
Depressor anguli oris
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Transversus abdominis
Internal oblique
External oblique
Pectoralis major
Rectus
abdominis
Serratus anterior
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Subclavius
Clavicle
Subscapularis
Pectoralis minor
Coracobrachialis
Serratus anterior
Humerus
Sternocleido-
mastoid
Deltoid
Pectoralis
major
Sternum
Biceps brachii
Trapezius
Levator
scapulae
Supraspinatus
Clavicle
Spine of
scapula
Infraspinatus
Teres minor
Humerus
Deltoid
Teres major
Latissimus
dorsi
Rhomboid
minor
major
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Clavicle
Deltoid
Pectoralis major
Lateral head
Long head
Medial head
Coracobrachialis
Triceps brachii:
Biceps brachii
Brachialis
Brachioradialis
(a) Anterior view
Supraspinatus*
Spine of scapula
(b) Posterior view
Deltoid (cut)
Greater tubercle
of humerus
Infraspinatus*
Teres minor*
Teres major
Triceps brachii:
Latissimus dorsi
Humerus
Olecranon process
of ulna
Lateral head
Long head
Anconeus
* Rotator cuff muscles
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Biceps brachii
Pronator teres
Brachioradialis
Pronator quadratus
Flexor carpi radialis
Palmaris longus
Flexor carpi ulnaris
Flexor digitorum
superficialis
Flexor carpi
ulnaris
Extensor carpi
Extensor digiti
minimi
Extensor indicis
Extensor digitorum
radialis brevis
radialis longus
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Psoas minor
Psoas major
Iliopsoas
Iliacus
Tensor fasciae latae
Pectineus
Adductor longus
Sartorius
Gracilis
Quadriceps femoris
Adductor magnus
• Rectus femoris
• Vastus lateralis
• Vastus medialis
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Gluteus medius
Gluteus maximus
Adductor magnus
Gracilis
Long head
Biceps
femoris
Short head
Hamstrings
Semitendinosus
Semimembranosus
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Fibularis longus
Gastrocnemius
Tibia
Tibialis anterior
Extensor digitorum longus
Soleus
Extensor hallucis longus
Fibularis tertius
Gastrocnemius
Soleus
Fibularis longus
Extensor digitorum longus
Tibialis anterior
Extensor hallucis longus
Fibularis brevis
Flexor hallucis longus
Extensor digitorum brevis
Extensor hallucis brevis
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Part II: Incorporation of Exercise and Muscle Action Student Learning Goals
Review various muscle groups on muscle models
Identify prime movers (agonists), antagonistic muscles, synergistic muscles, and fixators/stabilizers of the muscles used in the assigned exercise
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15. Movements of the Abdominal Muscles: Sit-up
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16. Movements of the Back: Superman
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17. Movements of the Back: Reverse Butterfly
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18. Movements of the Chest: Butterfly
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19. Movements of the Chest and Arms: Downward Motion of a Push-up
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20. Movements of the Chest and Arms: Upward Motion of a Push-up
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21. Movements of the Arms: Bicep Curl
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22. Movements of the Arms: Lateral Shoulder Raise
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23. Movements of the Arms: Rotating Bicep Curl
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24. Movements of the Arms: Forearm Curl
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25. Movements of the Legs: Lateral Leg Raises
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26. Movements of the Legs: Forward Leg Raises
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27. Movements of the Legs: Backward Leg Raises
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28. Movements of the Legs: Lunges
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29. Movements of the Legs: Squats
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30. Movements of the Legs: Calf Raises
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31. Movements of the Legs: Flexing the Foot
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Assignment Options
Complete the assignment during lab using the handout provided
Addition of synergist/fixators to list
Assign different muscle groups to students and require students to choreograph muscle movements that use the muscle groups
Addition of light weights and/or bands
Online adaptations
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