1. SS8H9
The student will describe the impact of World War II on Georgia’s development economically, socially, and politically
Describe the impact of events leading up to American involvement in World War II, include Lend-Lease and the bombing of Pearl Harbor
Evaluate the importance of Bell Aircraft, military bases, the Savannah and Brunswick shipyards, Richard Russell, and Carl Vinson
Explain the impact of the Holocaust on Georgians
Discuss President Roosevelt’s ties to GA including his visits to Warm Springs and his impact on the state

2. Germany on the rise again
Out of the frustration of WWI defeat, Nazi party rises to power in Germany
Great Britain and other European countries hope to avoid another war with Germany
Appeasement – the policy of giving an aggressor what it wants in order to avoid conflict
In 1939 Germany invades Poland; Great Britain and France declare war on Germany

3. Neutral United States
United States watched as Japan, Italy, the Soviet Union, and Germany carved up the world.
Isolationism – the idea of not taking part in the affairs of other nations
However, before entering the war itself, the U.S. sold weapons to the Allied Powers
When the British ran out of cash to buy weapons, Congress passed the Lend-Lease Act, under which the U.S. sent war material to the Allies in exchange for leases on military bases in the Allied countries

4. World War II countries Axis powers – Germany, Italy, Japan,
Allied powers – Great Britain, France, United States, Soviet Union*
Soviet Union – at first, Germany and the Soviet Union were conquering land; they were considered allies, but Germany turned on the Soviet Union

5. The European Theater

6. France surrenders – June, 1940

7. Leaders of the Nations Germany – Adolf Hitler Japan – Emperor Hirohito
Italy – Benito Mussolini
Soviet Union – Joseph Stalin
Great Britain – Winston Churchill
United States – Franklin Roosevelt

8. The Leaders

9. Japan on the rise
To protest Japanese expansion, the United States stopped exporting airplanes, metals, aircraft parts, and aviation fuel to Japan
After Japan invaded French Indochina in 1941, Roosevelt seized all Japanese property in the U.S.
Japan attacked Pearl Harbor, Hawaii, Sunday morning, December 7, 1941.

10. Pearl Harbor

11. Pearl Harbor
This surprise attack on the U.S. becomes known as the “day that will live in infamy”
U.S. Navy’s Pacific fleet was destroyed
All eight battleships were destroyed or severely damaged
2,000 people were killed; 1,000 were injured
December 8, 1941, the U.S. declares war on Japan because of Pearl Harbor

12. Pearl Harbor – U.S.S. Arizona

13. U.S. arms for war
After Pearl Harbor, the government decided to build additional aircraft plants to make the B-29 bomber
Bell Aircraft Company of Buffalo, NY built a new plant in Marietta, GA
In 1943, the plant employed 1200 people; by 1945, it employed 27,000 workers
The Marietta plant was the largest aircraft assembly plant in the world

14. The Bell Aircraft It closed after WWII; had built 668 planes
Opened back up in by Lockheed Aircraft Corporation
Still located in Marietta

15. Savannah & Brunswick Shipyards
Liberty ships were built at the Savannah & Brunswick Shipyards
Liberty ships were cargo ships named by President Roosevelt.
First of GA’s Liberty ships was launched in November 1942 – the U.S.S. James Oglethorpe
88 Liberty ships were built in Savannah
99 Liberty ships were built in Brunswick

16. Liberty Ships

17. WWII Military Bases in GA
Major military bases – Fort Benning (Columbus), Camp Gordon (Augusta), Fort Stewart and Hunter Air Field (Savannah), Warner Robbins Air Field (Macon)
Fort Benning – largest infantry center in the country
Glynco Naval Air Station (Brunswick) – flew blimps along the coast in search of German subs

18. WWII Military Bases in GA
Prisoners of War were held at Fort Benning, Fort Gordon, Fort Oglethorpe, and Fort Stewart
Fort McPherson (Atlanta) – a major induction center for newly drafted soldiers from all over the country

19. Richard B. Russell, Jr. Georgia’s youngest governor
He consolidated 102 state offices into 17 agencies
He created the Board of Regents of the University System of Georgia – a combination of the boards of trustees of state colleges and universities into one group
He ran the state like a successful business

20. Richard B. Russell, Jr.
Later, he served thirty-eight years as a U.S. Senator from Georgia
Supported government program to provide a school lunch to all children
He was a respected advisor to six U.S. presidents; as pro tempore (head) of the U.S. Senate, he was third in line for the presidency

21. Richard B. Russell, Jr.

22. Carl Vinson One of Georgia’s most influential leaders
He served twenty-five consecutive terms in the U.S. House of Representatives
He represented Georgia’s interest in the military through his work with the House Naval Affairs Committee and the House Armed Services Committee
He had a major influence in promoting a strong national defense

23. Carl Vinson
In 1934, he helped authorize the manufacture of 92 major warships because of tensions in Europe
He expanded the naval aviation system to include 10,000 planes, train 16,000 pilots, and establish 20 air bases
He is referred to as the “father of the two-ocean navy.”

24. Carl Vinson

25. Nazi Germany and the Holocaust
Adolf Hitler, dictator of Germany, instigated the Holocaust.
Holocaust: The name given to the systematic killing of 6 million Jews
An additional 5-6 million people, labeled as “undesireables,” were also killed
Concentration Camps – the final solution to the Jewish problem
Examples: Auschwitz, Buckenwald, Dachau, Treblinka, Bergen-Belsen

26. The Holocaust
People died from starvation, disease, mistreatment, and medical experiments
Prisoners, including children, were killed in gas chambers; once dead, they were incinerated in ovens or thrown in mass graves

27. The Holocaust

28. The Holocaust

29. The Holocaust

30. The Holocaust
In 1986, the Georgia Commission on the Holocaust was created “to take lesson from the history of the Holocaust and use them to help lead new generations of Georgians beyond racism and bigotry.”
The Commission sponsors an art and writing contest for Georgia middle and high school students

31. Franklin D. Roosevelt & Georgia
One of Roosevelt’s New Deal programs – the NIRA (National Industrial Recovery Act)
It was designed to help workers by setting minimum wages, permitting workers to organize unions, and allowing factories to cut back on production.
This legislation mainly affected the textile industry

32. Franklin D. Roosevelt & Georgia
The NIRA was a major threat to mill owners
The mill owners used a stretch out – a practice that requires workers to tend more machines
Workers had to do the same amount of work in an 8-hour shift that they had previously done in a 12- hour shift

33. Franklin D. Roosevelt & Georgia
Thus, textile workers all over the South joined in a strike
45,000 union workers in Georgia took part
The strike caused financial hardships for the workers, so the union called off the strike eventually
So how did the NIRA affect GA? Resulted in a strike in the textile industry

34. Franklin D. Roosevelt & Georgia
In 1924, Roosevelt began visiting Warm Springs as treatment for his polio

35. Franklin D. Roosevelt & Georgia
Because of the warm springs, he built a small house there in 1932 – it became known as the “Little White House”
The warm mineral waters of Warm Springs eased his polio

36. Franklin D. Roosevelt & Georgia
He died on April 24, 1945 from a stroke at his house in Warm Springs
Harry Truman became the next president of the United States and authorized the use of the atomic bomb at Hiroshima and Nagasaki, Japan to help end World War II.

37. Atomic Bomb (Atom Bomb)

38. Atomic Bomb (Atom Bomb)

39. Atomic Bomb (Atom Bomb)

40. Rural Electrification Authority Great Depression Social Security
Carl Vinson
Warm Springs
For t McPherson
Pearl Harbor
Bell Aircraft
Savannah
Brunswick
Richard B. Russell Jr
Holocaust
Lend lease
Boll weevil
Drought
AAA
CCC
Eugene Talmadge
Rural Electrification Authority
Great Depression
Social Security
New Deal
FDR