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Published byJody Griffith Modified over 9 years ago
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1922-1941
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Introduction: To Do (26 pts): Define 8 terms List the dictators in the Soviet Union, Italy, Germany Pg. 395 (1-2)
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Terms Dictator: a ruler with complete power in a country Fascist: a member of a political party who supports extreme nationalism and a dictator Nazi: a member of a political party in Germany, led by Adolf Hitler Appeasement: the policy of giving in to someone’s demands in order to keep peace
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To Start Off… US economy started out strong in the 20s Europe was still repairing damage from WWI ○ Serious economic factors ○ Some nations tried to avoid changing governments… Europeans turned to strong leaders (dictators) ○ Wanted their nations to be strong again ○ Idea: strong leaders = strong country
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Communism in the S.U. 1917 – Communist revolution in Russia Russia became the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) (Soviet Union) Joseph Stalin Powerful dictator / cruel leader Citizens did not / could not go against him 10 million were killed under his rule
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Fascism in Italy Italy – not defeated in WWI Government and economy was weakened ○ Labor strikes and riots ○ People turned to Benito Mussolini for change Benito Mussolini (Fascist) Spoke to his followers about the glories of war Became prime minister in 1922
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Nazism in Germany Germany – Treaty of Versailles effects Had to give conquered lands back Fined huge reparations Could not build up their military Had to take 100% of blame for the war National Socialist Party took over Nazi = member of this party Leader = Adolf Hitler
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Nazism in Germany Adolf Hitler Became chancellor of Germany Reminded people about Treaty of Versailles effects ○ Allies expected Germany to pay the cost of the war Other opinions: ○ German people were better than other people Should rule the world Germans = master race
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Nazism in Germany Adolf Hitler Other opinions: ○ Other groups were lower than Germans ○ Blamed Jewish people / Communists for Germany’s problems ○ 1935: Jews can no longer be German citizens Jews = scapegoats Children were not allowed to attend German schools Forced to wear badges (Star of David) = easy identification
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The Road to War Hitler = believed Germany could become most powerful country Began moving beyond Germany’s boundaries ○ Crossed into the Rhineland (between France and Germany) ○ France and Great Britain complained No action was taken Policy = appeasement ○ 1938 = Germany took control of Austria Demanded Czechoslovakia give up the Sudetenland
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The Road to War France and Britain – had treaties to protect Czechoslovakia Leaders met in Munich (Germany) Signed a pact ○ Hitler could keep the Sudetenland
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War Breaks out Again 1939 – German forces took control of all of Czechoslovakia Hitler – next target was Poland August: Stalin and Hitler join forces Agree to attack / divide Poland September 1, 1939 Great Britain and France realized appeasement was failing ○ Declared war
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1940: Germany invaded: Denmark Norway Netherlands Belgium Luxembourg France Britain faced Hitler’s forces alone
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To Do Pg. 391 Pg. 393 (1-2) Pg. 394 (1-3) Exercise 88
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Terms Militarism: the policy of strong military actions taken by the leaders of a country Puppet State: a government that is under the control of another, stronger power
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For the most part… Japan had been peaceful Democracy Military leaders took control (early 1930s) ○ Began to rise as a military power
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Japan Expands its Empire Japan = military leaders gaining control Wanted Japan to be the most feared military force in Asia ○ MILITARISM 1930s – Japan needed natural resources to keep industries running ○ Japan – few natural resources (oil / coal)
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Japan Expands its Empire 1931 – Japan attacked Manchuria Manchuria – coal / natural resource rich Puppet State established ○ 6 years later – Japan attacked China ○ US became worried… did nothing
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The Seeds of War By 1938 – Japan controlled most of eastern China Leaders: wanted all of E. Asia under Japan’s control ○ Natural resources Oil was needed to run industries and armies Japan became friendly with Nazi Germany / Fascist Italy Anti-Communist agreement signed: Japan agreed to become a world power with Germany and Italy
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To Do Pg. 397 (1-3) Exercise 90
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Terms Cash and Carry Policy: a plan that let nations at war buy goods that they could pay cash for and then carry home Lend-Lease Plan: to lend or lease supplies to a country whose defense is needed to protect the United States
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The US in WWII US did not want to be pulled into another war Feared alliances Could see growing signs of war in Europe and Asia Did the US have a duty to help other countries?
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Staying out of War 1935-1937: Congress passed several laws to STAY OUT OF WAR People wanted US to be a peaceful nation What policy is this? ○ US had plenty of problems, solve US problems rather than those of the world Congress: Cash and carry policy ○ Nations at war could buy goods as long as they could pay cash
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Staying out of War Roosevelt: Did not agree with isolationism ○ US should be a good neighbor to world countries ○ Believed US should stand up to dictators Pressing problem = Great Depression
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The End of Isolation Before 1940 – no president had run for a 3 rd term 1940 – different (war in Europe) FDR’s experience as a leader was necessary if the US was to go to war FDR – promised people that he would keep US out of war 1940: began 3 rd term
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The End of Isolation US could see how dangerous Hitler was US had to keep Hitler out of the W. Hemisphere Asked Congress for a peacetime draft Winston Churchill (Britain’s leader) Asked US for help against Nazi Germany ○ Did not have enough money to buy weapons Congress passed: Lend – Lease Plan
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The End of Isolation Congress passed: Lend – Lease Plan President could “lend” supplies for defensive purposes Isolationists disagreed US sent ships / guns / other supplies to Britain ○ Became dangerous ○ German submarines began sinking American ships ○ October 1941 – Germany sank a US Navy ship War was coming closer each day
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Pearl Harbor Remember: Japan was expanding into Asia Roosevelt stopped trade with Japan ○ Banned oil shipments Japan needed oil to keep tanks, trucks, airplanes working US and Japan began talking in November 1941 ○ Neither side was compromising
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Pearl Harbor Talks were not productive Japan began to plan US attacks Navy base = Pearl Harbor, Hawaii ○ Japan – it would take the US a while to rebuild forces after the attack December 7, 1941: Japan attacked Pearl Harbor ○ Destroyed 19 American ships Killed 2,400 Americans
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Pearl Harbor December 8, 1941: War declared on Japan
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To Do Pg. 400 Pg. 401 (1-3) Exercise 91
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