1. Section 3 The U.S. Enters the War
Chapter 13
Section 3
The U.S. Enters the War

2. American Isolationism
Following WWI, the U.S. returned to isolationist foreign policy
Many questioned cost of victory in WWI
U.S. Senate was unwilling to join the League of Nations
Feared it would drag the U.S. into future wars
Most isolationist were not Pacifists- those who do not believe in military force

3. American Isolationism
FDR was not an isolationist
Supported entry in League of Nations
FDR and Congress were more focused on the Great Depression than foreign policy

4. Balancing Isolation & Intervention
Congress passed the Neutrality Act in 1935
Prevented U.S. from selling weapons to warring states
Intended to prevent U.S. from being drawn into war

5. Balancing Isolation & Intervention
Aggression by totalitarian dictators began to catch FDR’s attention
Ended arms sails to Italy after 1935 invasion of Ethiopia
After Japanese invasion of China in 1937, FDR gave Quarantine Speech
- Compared spread of war to spread of disease
Urged peace-loving nations to stop aggressive nations from spreading war
Speech upset many isolationists

6. Preparing for War In 1938, FDR urged Congress to build a new Navy
After Hitler’s invasion of Poland, FDR got Congress to change Neutrality laws
Cash and Carry Policy (1939)
- Allowed the U.S. to sell to warring nations as long as they paid cash & picked up orders from American ports
Intended to help Allies slow Hitler
Roosevelt urged a policy of “all aid short of war.”
Exchanged 50 aging warships for 8 British military bases.
Isolationists opposed the deal, but were too weak to stop it.

7. Preparing for War
FDR aimed to make the U.S. an “arsenal for democracy”
Lend-Lease Act (1940)
- Allowed the U.S. to sell weapons to the U.K. regardless of ability to pay
Atlantic Charter (1941)
- Proclaimed shared goal of U.S. and U.K to defeat Axis Powers

8. Preparing for War
German U-Boats sank U.S. ships carrying supplies to U.K.
- Part of Lend-Lease Act
U.S.S. Kearney (1941)
- 11 Americans killed
U.S.S. Rueben James
- More than 100 Americans killed

9. Japan Attacks Pearl Harbor
Japan launched a surprise attack at Pearl Harbor, Hawaii on Dec. 7, 1941
- Home of the U.S. Pacific fleet
Japanese war planes launched from aircraft carriers
- Attacked fleet with torpedoes and bombs

10. Japan Attacks Pearl Harbor

11. Japan Attacks Pearl Harbor
Attack lasted 2 hours
All 8 battleships damaged
- 4 sunk
200 aircraft damaged
2,400 Americans killed

12. American Reaction

13. Japan Attacks Pearl Harbor
Congress declares war on Japan on Dec. 8, 1941
Listen to FDR’s Day on Infamy Speech
Dec. 11,1941, Italy & Germany declare war on U.S.

14. Warm Up:
Read pages
Complete numbers 1-5

15. Section 4 Mobilizing for War
Chapter 13
Section 4
Mobilizing for War

16. Chapter 13 Quiz on Friday

17. Mobilizing the Armed Forces
Millions volunteered for the service after attack on Pearl Harbor
FDR had reinstated the draft in 1940
16 million Americans entered armed forces during WWII

18. Women & the Armed Forces
Women not permitted for combat roles
Women performed non-combat roles in the U.S. armed forces
Women Accepted for Volunteer Emergency Services (WAVES)
- Clerical work for the Navy
10,000 women
Women Air Force Service Pilots (WASPS)
- Tested & delivered aircraft
- 1,000 served
40 died
Women’s Army Corps (WAC)
- Repaired equipment, worked as electricians, etc
150,000 women served
Full fledged members of army, received army benefits
led by Col. Oveta Culp Hobby

20. Mobilizing Industry U.S. had to rapidly equip its growing military
Business converted from civilian to military production
- 125,000 tanks in 1942
- 125,000 aircraft in 1942
- Transport “liberty ships” produced in 4 ½ days
The Federal government regulated industry:
what factories produced
what they could charge
how raw materials were used

21. Rosie the Riveter Men were leaving factory jobs to join armed forces
6.5 million women took industrial jobs that had never been open to women before
Rosie the Riveter symbolized strength of American working women

22. Labor in WWII
Government spending on the military ended the Great Depression
- Millions joined unions
National War Labor Relations Board created in 1942 to help settle labor disputes
Smith-Connally Act (1943) gave president the power to take over vital industries in event of strikes
Goal was to reduce strikes, ensure war production

23. Mobilizing Science Manhattan Project
Top-secret program to build the atomic bomb
- Los Alamos New Mexico
- Led by J. Robert Oppenheimer
- Program began in 1939

24. Fighting for Freedom at Home
African Americans in the Military
First African American marines
First African American naval officers
Prejudice continued
Fought in segregated unites
No African American soldiers received a Medal of Honor

25. Fighting for Freedom at Home
African Americans in the Work Force
Many African Americans took factory jobs
Worked for lower wages
A. Philip Randolph organized a protest in Washington D.C. to protest discrimination
FDR outlawed discrimination in defense jobs
Marched cancelled

26. Fighting for Freedom at Home
Challenges for Hispanic Americans
High demand for farm labor
Bracero Program (1942)
- Gave Mexican workers chance to temporarily live in U.S.
Arrival of Hispanics increased ethnic tensions
- Zoot Suit Riots (1943)
- Week of riots between white sailors and Mexican youths in L.A.

27. Create a propaganda poster
The goal of your poster is to gain support the war effort in the U.S.
Target your poster to a specific group.
- Women, workers, soldiers to enlists, etc
On the back, write an explanation of any symbolism/images on the poster