1. Larry Bell, Sasakawa International Center for Space Architecture (SICSA) Gerald D. Hines College of Architecture, University of Houston, Houston TX RUTGERS SYMPOSIUM ON LUNAR SETTLEMENTS 3-8 JUNE 2007 RUTGERS UNIVERSITY Surface Infrastructure Planning and Design Considerations for Future Lunar and Mars Habitation

2. Larry Bell, Sasakawa International Center for Space Architecture (SICSA) Gerald D. Hines College of Architecture, University of Houston, Houston TX Launch Systems Heavy Lift Vehicles (HLVs) with capabilities to launch payloads approaching 100MT and 7 meter diameter Approaches that utilize Medium Lift Vehicles (MLVs) with capacities ranging from about 15MT to somewhat less than 100MT

3. Larry Bell, Sasakawa International Center for Space Architecture (SICSA) Gerald D. Hines College of Architecture, University of Houston, Houston TX Lander Considerations Typical Lander Concept SICSA Lander Concept

4. Larry Bell, Sasakawa International Center for Space Architecture (SICSA) Gerald D. Hines College of Architecture, University of Houston, Houston TX Module Options 1.Conventional module 2.Telescopic module 3.Vertical module with a spherical inflatable section

5. Larry Bell, Sasakawa International Center for Space Architecture (SICSA) Gerald D. Hines College of Architecture, University of Houston, Houston TX Vertical Module Configurations A triangular pattern scheme affords certain advantages and disadvantages: Pros: A relatively compact configuration footprint at the entry airlock level can minimize the area for site surface preparation if required. Loop egress is achieved with three modules. Con: May be more difficult to position/ assemble. A rectilinear scheme also offers advantages/ disadvantages: Pros: Greater spacing between berthing locations affords more useful wall/ equipment space. Con: Larger footprint for good site selection and/ or surface preparation. 4 modules are needed for loop egress.

6. Larry Bell, Sasakawa International Center for Space Architecture (SICSA) Gerald D. Hines College of Architecture, University of Houston, Houston TX

7. Larry Bell, Sasakawa International Center for Space Architecture (SICSA) Gerald D. Hines College of Architecture, University of Houston, Houston TX Combination Configurations The triangular scheme offers advantages and disadvantages: Pros: A very compact footprint around the inflatable module support bases to minimize site surface preparation requirements. Loop egress is achieved with 3 inflatable modules. Con: May be more difficult to assemble. The cruciform scheme also offers advantages and disadvantages: Pros: The deployment footprint around the horizontal module is quite small, limiting site preparation. The scheme can begin as a cruciform and evolve into a closed-loop plan. Con: Dual egress is not achieved until 4 modules are in place.

8. Larry Bell, Sasakawa International Center for Space Architecture (SICSA) Gerald D. Hines College of Architecture, University of Houston, Houston TX Configuration Comparisons Space/Launch Efficiency

9. Larry Bell, Sasakawa International Center for Space Architecture (SICSA) Gerald D. Hines College of Architecture, University of Houston, Houston TX Configuration Comparisons Emergency Egress

10. Larry Bell, Sasakawa International Center for Space Architecture (SICSA) Gerald D. Hines College of Architecture, University of Houston, Houston TX Configuration Comparisons Module Commonality

11. Larry Bell, Sasakawa International Center for Space Architecture (SICSA) Gerald D. Hines College of Architecture, University of Houston, Houston TX Configuration Comparisons Evolutionary Growth

12. Larry Bell, Sasakawa International Center for Space Architecture (SICSA) Gerald D. Hines College of Architecture, University of Houston, Houston TX Configuration Comparisons Surface Positioning

13. Larry Bell, Sasakawa International Center for Space Architecture (SICSA) Gerald D. Hines College of Architecture, University of Houston, Houston TX Inflatable Upper Level Plan Sleeping/Private 1.Partitions 2.Bed and storage 3.Table 4.Chair 5.Shelves 6.Privacy curtains

14. Larry Bell, Sasakawa International Center for Space Architecture (SICSA) Gerald D. Hines College of Architecture, University of Houston, Houston TX Sleeping/Private Accommodations

15. Larry Bell, Sasakawa International Center for Space Architecture (SICSA) Gerald D. Hines College of Architecture, University of Houston, Houston TX Inflatable Second Level Plan Labs and Crew Workstations –Glovebox –Sample Photography –Lab’s Workstation –Experiment Tanks –Sink/Refrigerator/ Freezer –Fabric Storage

16. Larry Bell, Sasakawa International Center for Space Architecture (SICSA) Gerald D. Hines College of Architecture, University of Houston, Houston TX Inflatable Lower Level Plan

17. Larry Bell, Sasakawa International Center for Space Architecture (SICSA) Gerald D. Hines College of Architecture, University of Houston, Houston TX Common Areas

18. Larry Bell, Sasakawa International Center for Space Architecture (SICSA) Gerald D. Hines College of Architecture, University of Houston, Houston TX Exercise/Medical Area

19. Larry Bell, Sasakawa International Center for Space Architecture (SICSA) Gerald D. Hines College of Architecture, University of Houston, Houston TX Exercise and Common Area

20. Larry Bell, Sasakawa International Center for Space Architecture (SICSA) Gerald D. Hines College of Architecture, University of Houston, Houston TX Site Development Considerations 1.Orbital satellite imaging and unmanned precursor surface surveys should be undertaken to determine safe landing locations with appropriate terrain characteristics for base development. Robotic surface investigation and mapping rovers can determine optimized routings between landing and operational locations and deploy beacons. Automated survey/mapping rovers can later work in conjunction with rovers used for power cable deployment and cargo/human transport. 2.Landing sites must be located at sufficient distances from habitats and other sensitive areas. Use of tethered landers can greatly reduce or avoid projectile hazards. RTGs or other power systems that produce radiation safety hazards must be located at a safe distance away from habitable facilities..

21. Larry Bell, Sasakawa International Center for Space Architecture (SICSA) Gerald D. Hines College of Architecture, University of Houston, Houston TX