1. Horizontal Wind Turbine
Team Notus
Horizontal Wind Turbine
( Same Plan as always begin by introducing the team. Then explain our outline for the presentation. The plan is to give the class our objectives and goals for the overall project which they should be familiar with. Because one of our goals is to have the wind turbine fit in the opening it is only logical that we give them a picture of what that area looks like so they can be familiar. Then we will move on to some background information on the blade we chose and the pattern it follows. We will explain some of the analysis that was conducted last semester to determine the wind and stress behavior. Then we will transition into our overall design which is our frame with the blade mounted. Explain our first Creo design and some of the areas we felt we can improve on. Then show the class our newest design. There are some details that will bring questions if we just show the class the front, side and isometric view. So we will break it down a little more by showing them how the shaft will be attached to the bearing and how the shaft will be attached to the generator. Transition by stating our plan of action to avoid any hiccups as far as fabricating is concerned. We have created a drawing of every single component in order to avoid dimensional errors such as cutting too short or cutting too long. And since every single component has been modeled we are able to assemble our design and create a Bill of Materials. This Bill of materials contains the number of components, a part number, a description, and a quantity. Since we are on the subject of materials it is a perfect time to transition into the material selection category. We will explain over all what materials we are looking for and why. With this we can give a rough estimate of how much the total cost will be. We will then conclude our presentation by giving the class our GAANT chart along with the WBS. This is our opportunity to show the class and Nahas that we have a plan of action for this semester in order to finish on time.
TEAM NOTUS
UNIVERSITY OF HOUSTON
COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY SENIOR DESIGN 1

2. COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY SENIOR DESIGN 1
The Team
Team Members:
Hector Bonilla
Albert Gonzalez
Laura Nguyen
Austin Glaze
Instructor:
Medhat El Nahas
Faculty Advisor:
Industry Advisor:
Michael Burriello
Demond Williams
My name is Hector 
My name is Albert 
My name is Laura 
My name is Austin 
TEAM NOTUS
UNIVERSITY OF HOUSTON
COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY SENIOR DESIGN 1

3. COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY SENIOR DESIGN 1
Outline
Objectives, Goals
Background
Analysis
Design
Material Selection
Project Management
Questions
This is an outline of some of the things we will be discussing today.
Were going to begin by going over our objectives and goals which have not changed since last semester, some background information on the blade we have chosen, some analysis we have done regarding our blade, our over all design of our frame that the blade is going to be mounted to, then we will move on to the material selection, and we will conclude this presentation by going over our project management and answer any questions you may have.
TEAM NOTUS
UNIVERSITY OF HOUSTON
COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY SENIOR DESIGN 1

4. COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY SENIOR DESIGN 1
Objectives
Design and fabricate a wind turbine that will convert kinetic energy from the wind into electrical power
Implement the wind turbine at the base of the University of Houston’s Central Plant cooling towers
The objective of the project is to design and fabricate an urban wind turbine that will convert kinetic energy from the wind into electrical power.
The intent is that this wind turbine will be installed at the base of the cooling tower at the central plant. And we will show you guys a picture of what this area looks like so you can get a good visual idea.
Courtesy of Pond5
TEAM NOTUS
UNIVERSITY OF HOUSTON
COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY SENIOR DESIGN 1

5. COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY SENIOR DESIGN 1
Goals
Design a wind turbine that will operate in wind speeds ranging from 4.5–22 mph
To have an efficiency ranging from 35-45%
Self-starting with an operational start-up speed not less than 4.5 mph
Fit in the cooling tower’s opening of 50ft x 18ft (L x H)
The first goal is to design a wind turbine that will operate in wind speeds ranging from 4.5–22 mph. Now the cooling tower’s induced draft flows at various speeds ranging from 4.5 to 14.7 mph. However we want to design a wind turbine that can be implemented in various speeds. So because of that we have set our goal to be up to 22 mph
With that in mind we also want to set our efficiency to be between 35-45%.
Another goal is to have the wind turbine have a “ cut in speed” of 4.5 mph. Meaning at 4.5mph the turbine will begin to rotate and generate power.
Finally, our last criteria is that the wind turbine will fit in the cooling towers base which has an opening of 50 feet in length and 18ft in height which will be indicated in the next slide.
TEAM NOTUS
UNIVERSITY OF HOUSTON
COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY SENIOR DESIGN 1

6. COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY SENIOR DESIGN 1
This picture represents the opening for cooling tower 4 where the wind turbine will be implemented. The cooling tower of interest is the fourth because it will be running at maximum rpm’s, therefore it produces the largest amount of induced air. This is also the cooling tower where we have based or calculations from
50 ft.
TEAM NOTUS
UNIVERSITY OF HOUSTON
COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY SENIOR DESIGN 1

7. Fibonacci Spiral
The sequencing of numbers starting with either 1-1, or 0-1
Each subsequent number is the sum of the previous two
More commonly know as the golden ratio
Forms a spiral expanding outwards from a center point by connecting each corner of the boxes formed
The Fibonacci spiral is based on a sequence that Leonardo Bonacci, known as Fibonacci, was able to introduce in the 12th century. Now what Leonardo Bonacci is best known for is the introduction of a series of numbers that are now referred to as the Fibonacci numbers.
The numbers above are drawn as square figures in which the length of the squares are constantly increased based on the previous number. A spiral is then drawn from point to point.
Image courtesy of Mathyear
TEAM NOTUS
UNIVERSITY OF HOUSTON
COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY SENIOR DESIGN 1 6

8. Creo (Blade Prototype 4)
In order to create the blade we followed this pattern and created a sweep along the curve. This pattern was then replicated three times and each blade was set at and angle of 120 degrees apart. Just a few steps taken to create the blade design
TEAM NOTUS
UNIVERSITY OF HOUSTON
COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY SENIOR DESIGN 1 7

9. COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY SENIOR DESIGN 1
Computational Fluids Dynamics (CFD)
It was also important to know how exactly the wind behaves around the blade. We ran a CFD analysis to determine that. First we were able to determine what path the wind was going to take. And we also determined the velocity at different points within the system. It is clear from our analysis that the wind will increase speed within the blade which is exactly what we are looking for in order for the rotation to occur. The key to this simulation is that the wind will actually be able to travel through the blade.
Analysis for the velocity of the wind at a given point in space and time. Results are obtained using the Navier-Stokes Equation for the instantaneous velocity and pressure fields in which the conservation of momentum is applied. The general Navier-Stokes for fluid motion is: 𝜌 𝜕𝑣 𝜕𝑡 + ∙𝛻𝑣 =−𝛻𝑝+ 𝛻∙𝑇+𝑓
TEAM NOTUS
UNIVERSITY OF HOUSTON
COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY SENIOR DESIGN 1 8

10. COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY SENIOR DESIGN 1
Finite Element Analysis (FEA)
Analysis of the turbine components show the von Mises stresses when a centrifugal load is applied due to constant turbine blade rotation. Simplified von Mises equations are used to predict yielding of materials under any loading conditions. The general von Mises equation is:
𝜎 𝑣 = [( 𝜎 11 − 𝜎 22 ) 2 + ( 𝜎 22 − 𝜎 33 ) 2 + ( 𝜎 33 − 𝜎 11 ) 2 +6( 𝜎 𝜎 𝜎 )]
FEA was then conducted to determine where we can expect to see stress in our blade once centrifugal load has been applied. Some of that stress will occur behind the blade.
TEAM NOTUS
UNIVERSITY OF HOUSTON
COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY SENIOR DESIGN 1 9

11. Creo (Frame Prototype 3)
Here is our original design that we ended last semester with. However during the break we sat down and thought of different ways to improve our design. One area we felt we could improve on was the the bottom frame. Originally we had too many steel plates running across. So we simplified our design a bit.
TEAM NOTUS
UNIVERSITY OF HOUSTON
COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY SENIOR DESIGN 1 10

12. Solidworks (Frame Prototype 4)
Here is a front, side, top, and isometric view for our design. You can see how we removed the steel plates that were originally running across. This is going to result in less welding and less work. Another thing we changed was the tubular structure into square tubing. Over all the height remains the same. In the front here we have the mounted bearing and in the back we have the clamps to where the generator will be held down to. (point at it)
TEAM NOTUS
UNIVERSITY OF HOUSTON
COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY SENIOR DESIGN 1 11

13. Solidworks (Frame Prototype 4)
Here is a close up to the mounted bearing. The shaft will be locked down with the eccentric lock. And the bearing will be bolted on to a plate.
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UNIVERSITY OF HOUSTON
COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY SENIOR DESIGN 1 12

14. Solidworks (Frame Prototype 4)
And here is a brake down of how the shaft will be connected to the generator. Our shaft will have to be machined down in order to screw in to the threads the generator comes with. And here is the clamp the generator will held by.
TEAM NOTUS
UNIVERSITY OF HOUSTON
COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY SENIOR DESIGN 1 13

15. Part Drawing (Frame Prototype 4)
In order to determine what size everything thing will have to be cut to we modeled every single component and created a drawing as well. This is an example of one of those drawings. We have the length of the square tubing and also the angle of cut. This is our plan of action to avoid any hiccups as far as fabricating is concerned. We have created a drawing in order to avoid dimensional errors such as cutting too short or cutting too long.
TEAM NOTUS
UNIVERSITY OF HOUSTON
COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY SENIOR DESIGN 1 14

16. COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY SENIOR DESIGN 1
Once all the components were assembled we created a Bill of Materials. Here we have the number of items, the part number that was assigned, a small description, and the quantity of each item. In the title block we also have the total weight for our project. If we do decide to change some things this Bill of Material will automatically update and we will know the new total weight. So far we are looking at about 300 lb. which also explains why we decided to elevate our frame. This way we could always move it around using a pallet jack.
TEAM NOTUS
UNIVERSITY OF HOUSTON
COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY SENIOR DESIGN 1

17. COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY SENIOR DESIGN 1
Generators
Alxion 400STK2M
Ginlong
GL-PMG-1800
PMGL 330-6M
DVE PMGI-3K-320
Rating
4.0 kW
1.8 kW
3.0 kW
Efficiency
79%
72%
76%
94%
Weight
77 lb.
43 lb.
150 lb.
147 lb.
Startup Speed
4.47 mph
5.59 mph
The differences are simple and the same as before, except now we have a definite generator. I still need to find a way to measure an approximate starting torque.
TEAM NOTUS
UNIVERSITY OF HOUSTON
COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY SENIOR DESIGN 1

18. COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY SENIOR DESIGN 1
Generator
TEAM NOTUS
UNIVERSITY OF HOUSTON
COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY SENIOR DESIGN 1

19. COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY SENIOR DESIGN 1
Materials (Fabrication)
PVC Sheet
Square Tubing
Flat Strip
Flat Bar
Shaft Piping
Dimensions
1/16" x 48" x 96"
2" x 2" x 1/4"
1/8" x 2"
1/4" x 2"
3/4" Nom. Sch 40
Weight
28.12lbs/sht
8.8 lb/ft
0.85 lb/ft
1.7 lb/ft
Quantity
3 Sheets
21'
10'
Instead of having a separate slide for all the considered materials, it is broken down for the material selected with the length needed for each. The quantity is measured with some contingency along with the fact that materials arent sold in exact measurement but in sticks or sections.
TEAM NOTUS
UNIVERSITY OF HOUSTON
COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY SENIOR DESIGN 1

20. COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY SENIOR DESIGN 1
Cost Projection
Products
Qty.
Price
GinLong Tech GL-PMG-1800 1
$1,000
1/16" PVC Sheets 3
$127
3 x 3 x 1/4" Square Tubing
40'
2 x 1/8" Plate
10'
2 x 1/4" Plate
Cast Steel Bearing Lock
$52
2 x 1/16" Silicon Rubber
30'
$30
Screws, Nuts
$100
Contingency
Total
Implemented with the budgeting is the percentage breakdown to show how important each part of in terms of cost. So far we have been approved for the most expensive part (generator) and have even saved ourselves $300 by contacting the manufacturer itself.
TEAM NOTUS
UNIVERSITY OF HOUSTON
COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY SENIOR DESIGN 1

21. Senior Design 2 Gaant Chart
Here we have our GAANT chart for this semester. We have broken down every step in order to be successful and finish on time. We have given ourselves till April 10 to finish fabricating our design and the rest of the time will be used for testing and preparation for the final presentation.
TEAM NOTUS
UNIVERSITY OF HOUSTON
COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY SENIOR DESIGN 1 21

22. COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY SENIOR DESIGN 1
WBS
Here is a better illustration of the steps we will take.
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UNIVERSITY OF HOUSTON
COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY SENIOR DESIGN 1 22

23. COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY SENIOR DESIGN 1
Questions?
TEAM NOTUS
UNIVERSITY OF HOUSTON
COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY SENIOR DESIGN 1 23