1. Non-residential suburbanisation in the Czech Republic (Prague and Brno) Luděk Sýkora & Martin Ouředníček Charles University in Prague, Czechia SELMA meeting, Madrid, June 27-29, 2003

2. Case study: Czech Republic (Prague, Brno) 1) The context 2) Case study cities 3) Method – Territorial division of urban area – Data used (population, employment, land use) 4) Population deconcentration 1991-2001 5) Employment deconcentration 1991-2001 6) Land use change 1991-2001 7) Conclusion

3. The context: suburbanisation in Czech metropolitan areas Suburbanisation is a very recent phenomena: it developed in last 5 years Until mid 1990s there was only marginal residential suburbanisation (limited purchasing power of population) Since 1997: radical development of commercial suburbanisation (shopping centres and retail parks, warehousing and logistic zones) Since the end of 1990s: dynamic development of residential suburbanisation (growth in wealth and introduction of mortgages)

4. Residential suburbanisation Individual homebuilders as well as whole districts made by one developer High share of inhabitants with high incomes State supported mortgages Changing socio-spatial pattern in metropolitan area Social polarisation in suburban localities

5. retail, warehousing and distribution, (industry) demand from international firms expanding on Czech markets logistic and retail parks close to highways (and Metro) Commercial suburbanisation

6. Suburbanisation of retail Radical growth since 1997 First suburban shopping in Prague opened in 1996 (IKEA in Zličín) and four main concentrations developed since that time Massive explosion of retail in Brno Radical transformation in spatial pattern of shopping – 1989: half of retail turnover in city centre – 1998: hypermarket as first shopping place for 4% of Czechs – 2000: hypermarket as first shopping place for 20% of Czechs and 25% of Prague inhabitants

7. An example of consequences: Increase in car transportation 1996-2001 Prague - suburban zone 164000 -> 267000, 1.6 % Prague - outer areas 83000 -> 86000, 1.0 % Transit 16000 -> 25000, 1.6 % Total 263000 -> 378000, 1.4 % 70 % of all journeys is commuting between Prague and suburbs Suburban commuting accounted for 90 % of growth between 1996-2001

8. Management of suburban growth Its regulation requires regional planning and policy tools. Czech planning system has physical plans for regions and strategies of regional development: neither of them includes the issue of sprawl. However, the major planning authority is at the municipal level Fragmented local government in metropolitan areas Two regional governments in the case of Prague´s metropolitan region Central government support to FDI was in 1998-2000 exclusively allocated to greenfield investments.

9. Case study cities in the Czech Republic

10. Method: territorial division of metropolitan area City centre Inner city First suburban zone - inside city boundaries Second suburban zone - outside city boundaries

12. Territorial units in Prague Metropolitan Area *Prague - city parts DistrictArea (km 2 )MunicipalitiesCadastral territories Basic settlement units Prague4961 (57)*112901 Prague-East58491137233 Prague-West58680112175 Total PMA1666172 (228)3611309

13. Demographic characteristics (Census 1.3.2001) DistrictPopulation Density of population Share of children 0-14 Share of people 60+ Share of university educated Share of houses constructed 1991-2001 Prague1 169 106235713,4 %20,7 %18,8 %10,9 % Prague- East 96 06116415,7 %18,6 %9,5 %14,6 % Prague- West 83 08914216,3 %18,2 %11,1 %18,0 % Total PMA 1 350 25781013,7 %20,4 %17,7 %12,8 %

14. Population deconcentration 1991-2001 Data from annual statistics for population growth and migration and censuses 1991, 2001 for structures of population (preliminary results) PMA - Natural decrease of population of each zone Centre and inner city: natural and migration decrease 1st suburban ring: from slow migration increase to stagnation 2nd suburban ring: from slow migration increase to rapid suburbanisation process

15. Population change in Prague’s metropolitan region (1991-2001) Změna 2001/1991 85 - 99 % 100 - 109 % 110 - 129 % 130 - 159 % 160 - 235 %

16. * For zones a, b, c only period 3.3.-31.12.1991 Components of population growth

17. Net migration 1991-2000

18. Employment deconcentration 1991-2001 Decline in employment until mid 1990s due to transformation Employment growth in suburban zone from mid 1990s Growth namely in retail and wholesale (5 times in Prague-east and 20 times in Prague East) and storage, transport and communication

19. Employment and unemployment 1991-2001

20. Structure of registered employment 1993-2001

21. Economic structure NACE – CZ A-B AGRICULTURE, HUNTING AND FORESTRY;FISHING C-E TOTAL INDUSTRY F CONSTRUCTION G WHOLESALE AND RETAIL TRADE; REPAIR OF MOTOR VEHICLES, MOTORCYCLES AND PERSONAL AND HOUSEHOLD GOODS H HOTELS AND RESTAURANTS I TRANSPORT, STORAGE AND COMMUNICATIONS J FINANCIAL INTERMEDIATION K REAL ESTATE, RENTING AND BUSINESS ACTIVITIES L PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION AND DEFENCE; COMPULSORY SOCIAL SECURITY M EDUCATION N HEALTH AND SOCIAL WORK O OTHER COMMUN.,SOCIAL AND PERS.SERVICE ACTIVITIES

22. Land use change 1991-2001 Retail Warehousing, distribution, logictics Industry Office Share of build-up on total land-use

23. Out-of-centre and suburban shopping

24. Out-of-centre and suburban offices