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The Suburban Era, 1945-1963 Chapter 28.

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Presentation on theme: "The Suburban Era, 1945-1963 Chapter 28."— Presentation transcript:

1 The Suburban Era, Chapter 28

2 Main Points and Issues Rise of the Suburbs The Culture of Suburbia
The Politics of Calm Cracks in the Consensus Nationalism in an Age of Superpowers The Cold War on a New Frontier Kennedy’s Cold War

3 Contending Themes in the US
Atomic Anxiety Affluence & Convenience Atomic attacks Atomic science Fear and insecurity Cold War competition Conformity Suspicion Post-War economic growth Consumerism Suburbia Convenience Education, prosperity, liberty

4 Economic Growth The Baby Boom WW II-1960, highest birth rates in US
Greater consumption, post-War generation without Great Depression and War Impacted housing, education Suburbs “White Flight”

5 Suburbia in a Nutshell Baby-boom and wealth increases G.I. Bill & FHA
Suburbanization Highways and transportation Single-track homes Property tax bases Strip malls

6 Suburbia, continued Suburban Sprawl Vehicle pollution
Social, racial, and ethnic balkanization Decline of public Housing Covenants Gendered divisions Consumerism

7 Consumerism and Gender
>Advertisements targeting women as home-makers >Made domestic work “easier” >Corporate brand loyalty >Easier to serve the husband

8 Where is Rosie the Riveter?

9 Popular Culture: Television
American Consensus “End of ideology” Pax Americana Happy Days and the Age of Prosperity Calm fears Divert attention

10 An American Obsession Leave it to Beaver Mickey Mouse Club

11 Nostalgia: The Frontier and Western
Bonanza Gunsmoke

12 Movies

13 The Great Escape: Disneyland
California, 1955 Make believe, constructed fantasy De-politicized Escapism and consumerism Disneyland Studios, TV, Hollywood White America, middle class tourism

14 Frontier, Magic, Future, Cartoons

15 Cold War Movies I Married a Communist Manchurian Candidate
The Day the Earth Stood Still ’51 North By Northwest James Bond Atomic animals

16 Cold War Culture

17 “Juvenile Delinquency”
Teen age delinquency Adolescence Mental Hygiene Sexual identity Mobility & Freedom Rock n Roll The Beat Generation

18

19 Nationalism and the Cold War
Dwight D. Eisenhower, WWII General Pres. of Columbia University Highly respected by both parties Failures in CRM Economic Growth Expanded New Deal Programs

20 Eisenhower and the Cold War
Sputnik, 1957 Arms Race NASA National Defense Education Act 1958 “New Look” Technology Air power Nuclear weapons

21 Eisenhower Interstate Highway and Defense Act
1956: $27 billion initially Connect East and West Easy evacuation in case of nuclear attack Transport of military people and goods Possible landing for planes

22 U.S. & U.S.S.R. Kruschev, 1954 Peace Summits
1960: U.S. spy plane crashed Struggle over “Third World” Countries

23 Interventions and “anti-communism”
Distrust of neutral countries Overthrow governments that did not align with U.S. Liberal & progressive regimes CIA helped overthrow elected Iranian government Inserted pro-West dictatorial Shah of Iran

24 Cold War, Part II Containment Domino Theory Massive Retaliation
Communism as disease: contain and circle it Domino Theory Massive Retaliation Mutual Assured Destruction Brinksmanship Open-ended eternal war against an enemy that will never rest, hates our freedoms, is godless, evil, and may be among us (sound familiar?)

25 Guatemala, 1954 CIA and United Fruit Company
Overthrew Jacobo Arbenz, elected Pres. Installed pro-U.S. dictator

26 Cuban Revolution, 1959 Popular revolution Overthrew Batista
Fidel Castro Approached U.S. Rebutted him Nationalized Industries 12 assassination attempts on Castro

27 A New Era? John F. Kennedy Wealthy family Catholic WWII veteran
Young, energetic Lyndon Johnson, V.P. Robert Kennedy, Attorney General Conservative

28 Kennedy’s Cold War Increased military spending Expanded Cold War
Bay of Pigs, April 1961 Alliance for Progress Peace Corps

29 Cuban Missile Crisis 1962 Soviet Missiles in Cuba
Invade, bomb, naval blockade, negotiate? U.S. Missiles in Turkey Pulled out all missiles

30 Conclusions Post-War demilitarization & return to “normalcy”
Rise of “Consumer Nation” and equating consumption with democracy and freedom Suburbanization and mass culture: restaurants, cars, radio, TV Atomic Anxieties & Cold War Contradictions

31 Continued Open-ended war and endless vigilance
Domesticating atomic technology, or “How I learned to stop worrying and love the bomb” (Dr. Strangelove) Rhetoric of Communist infiltration Free speech & dissent called subversion and unpatriotic

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