1. School of the Built Environment Housing Conditions of Migrant Workers in Shenzhen Ya Ping Wang School of the Built Environment, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh Prof. Yanglin Wang and Prof. Jiansheng Wu College of Urban and Environmental Science, Beijing University

2. School of the Built Environment Permanent and Temporary Population in Shenzhen

3. School of the Built Environment Most Migrants live in Urban Villages

4. School of the Built Environment Questions What relationship between housing and poverty can we identify in the fast urbanising and prosperous region? Does hukou status have an influence over housing conditions in regions with a mix of rural to urban and urban to urban migrant population? How does housing condition for migrants in Shenzhen compare with other cities?

5. School of the Built Environment Data Collection A sample size of about 800 households. Stratified systematic sampling method: –three different zones –a number of urban villages in each zone (Figure 1). –individual migrant households selected systematically.

6. School of the Built Environment Location of case study urban villages 1 ． Futian village; 2 ． Shawei village; 3 ． Xiangxi village; 4 ． Hubei village; 5 ． Shangmeilin, Xiameilin and Hebei villgages; 6 ． Shuibei village; 7 ． Dushu village; 8 ． Baishizhou village; 9 ． Tanglang village; 10 ． Buji and Longlin Villages; 11 ． Langxin and Tianxin villages

7. School of the Built Environment Migrants is a very mixed group

8. School of the Built Environment Sources of housing (%)

9. School of the Built Environment Condition: Sharing

10. School of the Built Environment Housing floor space

11. School of the Built Environment Sharing a room

12. School of the Built Environment

13. Income distribution

14. School of the Built Environment Average monthly rent

15. School of the Built Environment Housing and food costs Affordability

16. School of the Built Environment Housing preferences

17. School of the Built Environment Conclusion: Housing and Poverty 40 percent of the sample is in housing poverty. –220 (58.5%) out of 376 single person households has 5 square metres or less living floor space. –101 (30.6%) out of 330 families live either in only one room or have to share a room with other people.

18. School of the Built Environment Conclusion: Rural migrants vs Migrants Housing condition among migrants from urban areas is slightly better than rural migrants. This, however, could be the result of differences in educational background.

19. School of the Built Environment Conclusion: Comparison with other cities Migrant housing condition in Shenzhen is not worse than that in other cities due to the huge number of migrants Housing condition is not much better either in a rich city However, we are looking at young working age persons, who work very hard for long hours.

20. School of the Built Environment A major challenge for Shenzhen As a new city, the proportion of migrants among the total population is extremely large. Improving migrant housing will be a long and hard process. Redevelopment should be progressed with caution. Other soft policy options should be tested, aiming for a gradual improvement and upgrading.

21. School of the Built Environment A fragmented and divided housing market Factory dormitory and construction site shelter Older houses in suburban villages New houses in suburban villages Older houses in inner city villages Privatised older public houses Government sponsored rental housing New houses in inner city villages Economic/affordable housing Ordinary commercial housing Luxury flats Townhouse/cottages Owners’ ladderRenters’ Ladder The rich The professionals Low and middle income official urban residents The original village residents The urban migrants and established rural migrants Low and middle income official urban residents Informal Market Formal Market The rich and international migrants

22. School of the Built Environment Our recommendation: Integration of different housing markets Factory dormitory and construction site shelter Older houses in suburban villages New houses in suburban villages Older houses in inner city villages Privatised older public houses Government sponsored rental housing New houses in inner city villages Economic/affordable housing Ordinary commercial housing Luxury flats Townhouse/cottages Owners’ ladder Renters’ Ladder The rich The professionals Low and middle income official urban residents The original village residents The urban migrants and established rural migrants Low and middle income official urban residents Informal Market Formal Market The rich and international migrants