1. The Perfect Active System Perfect, Pluperfect/Past Perfect, Future Perfect

2. Finding the Perfect Stem duxiducereductusduco The perfect stem is the third principal part – i. duxi- i=dux Find the third principal part of the verb.

3. “I” Surgery!!!!

4. Perfect Active Tense The perfect active tense = Perfect Stem + Perfect Active Endings 1st Person 2nd Person 3 rd Person -i -isti -it I you he, she, it Singular Plural -erunt -istis -imus we You/y’all they Perfect Active Endings

5. First Person Second Person Third Person duxi it dux imus istis erunt I led I have led I did lead You led You have led You did lead He led He has led He did lead We led We have led We did lead They led They have led They did lead Perfect Active You led You have led You did lead isti

6. Past Perfect/Pluperfect Active Tense Perfect Stem+ era + Personal Endings dux era mus era s m t tis nt You had led I had led He had led You had led We had led They had led

7. Past Perfect/Pluperfect Tense

8. E. Rat HAD the flu last winter.

9. Ready for something you’ve never seen…and heard it’s just a MYTH???

10. Future Perfect Active Tense Perfect Stem + eri+ Personal Endings dux er eri mus eri s o t tis nt You will have led I will have led He will have led You will have led We will have led They will have led Future Perfect Active

11. Future PerfectTense

12. Your Turn! On a sheet of paper, write the perfect, pluperfect, and future perfect active charts for: – retineo, retinēre, retinui, retentus: keep

13. Your Turn! On the same sheet of paper, write the present, imperfect, and future active charts for: – retineo, retinēre, retinui, retentus: keep

14. Synopsis A synopsis is a method to demonstrate your knowledge of verbs without having to write all 6 charts. A synopsis shows all 6 tenses of a verb in just ONE person and number. For ex: 1 st person singular, 3 rd person plural, etc.

15. Sample Synopsis amo, amare, amavi, amatus: love 3 rd person singular Present: AMAT---he/she/it loves Imperfect: AMABAT---h/s/i was loving Future: AMABIT---h/s/i will love Perfect: AMAVIT---h/s/i loved (has loved) Pluperfect: AMAVERAT---h/s/i had loved Future Perfect: AMAVERIT---h/s/i will have loved

16. Your Turn! Give the 1 st person plural synopsis using your charts for “retineo, retinēre, retinui, retentus.” Now try 2 nd person plural for: – ceno, cenare, cenavi, cenatus: to eat dinner