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123 Arbitror, arbitrari, arbitratus sum Q: Where’s the 4 th principal part? A: There isn’t one!
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1 st - 1 st person present active 2 nd - active infinitive 3 rd - 1 st person perfect active 4 th – perfect passive participle
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Amo- 1 st person present- I love Amare- infinitive- to love Amavi- 1 st person perfect- I have loved Amatus- perfect passive participle- having been loved
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Q: why does the 1 st person end in r? A: Because it’s the 1 st person passive not the 1 st person active.
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Q: Why does the 2 nd principal part end in ari and not are? A: Because it’s the passive infinitive, not the active infinitive
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Q: What does the 3 rd principal part look like the 4 th pp + sum, es, est?? A: Because it’s the perfect passive form which forms by taking the 4 th pp and adding sum, es, est…..
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Arbitor, arbitrari, arbitratus sum- to think Dominor, dominari, dominatus sum- to rule, dominate Hortor, hortari, hortatus sum- to exhort, urge Loquor, loqui, locutus sum- to speak Partior, partiri, partitus sum- to divide, distribute Proficiscor, proficisci, profectus sum- to set out, depart Sequor, sequi, secutus sum- to follow Vereor, vereri, veritus sum- to fear, respect
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They “put aside” their active forms but keep their active meanings
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Look at the 2 nd pp (the passive infinitive) › ari= 1 st conjugation › eri- 2 nd conjugation › i- 3 rd conjugation › Iri- 4 th conjugation
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1. Hortati estis › 1 st › you have encouraged/ you encouraged 2. Patiebaris › 3 rd io › You were suffering, allowing 3. Dominari › 1 st › To dominate, to rule 4. Loqueris › 3 rd › You will speak (remember 3 rd /4 th conj uses ar, eris, etur in the passive!) 5. Sequimur › 3 rd › We are following 6. Partiar › 4 th › I will divide 7. Veretur › 2 nd › He is fearing
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There is a present active participle-> › Hortans-> trying There is a future active participle-> › Hortaturus-> about to try There is a future infinitive-> › Hortaturus esse-> to be about to try
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Exercise 6, page 181
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1. We have followed. (sequor, sequi, secutus sum)
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2. Let us talk (use loquor, loqui, locutus sum)
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3. They were dominating. (dominor, ari, atus sum)
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4. You (sg) will share. (partior, partiri, partitus sum)
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5. Do not put up (pl) with injustice. (patior, pati, passus sum)
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6. I shall not fear the enemies (use vereor, vereri, veritus sum)
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7. We had exhorted the consul. (hortor, hortari, hortatus sum)
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8. People being about to divide the food. (partior, partiri, partitus sum)
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9. I believe the soldiers are going to follow me. (sequor, sequi, secutus sum)
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10. Having exhorted the soldiers, I shall follow you. (hortor, hortari, hortatus sum)
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