1. CIVICS – SEMESTER REVIEW

2. Declaration of Independence  Why? Declare freedom from Britain Defend natural rights Explain grievances (issues) against King  Purpose of Government? Protect people’s rights  Main grievances Britain limiting people’s rights

3. Foundations  Social Contract Idea that people give consent to the government in exchange for protection. But if the government doesn’t do its duty citizens have the right to abolish the government  Federalists – Strong, central government  Anti-Federalists – Weaker central government with more power in the states  Bill of Rights – key issue to ratifying the Constitution to ensure people’s rights Pushed by Anti-federalists

4. Forms of Government  Direct Democracy – everybody votes for everything  Dictatorship – total control  Monarchy – hereditary royalty with symbolic responsibilities  Absolute Monarchy – hereditary royalty with total control  Theocracy – religious and political leadership combined

5. Presidential vs. Parliamentary  Presidential Executive and legislative branches elected by voters  Parliamentary Legislative branch elected by voters Executive appointed by Legislature

6. Economies  Command economy – government makes all decisions (goal of equality)  Market economy – free enterprise, supply and demand controlled by consumers and producers  Traditional economy – no government influence – based on exchange of goods

7. Active Citizenship Using civic participation to address problems facing their communities, their country, and the world. Examples: voting, running for office, working on a political campaign, sponsoring food drives, etc.

8. Liberal Ideology  Favoring an active role for government in solving society’s problems Examples: Support Health care, same- sex marriage, social programs

9. Conservative Ideology  Favoring a limited role of government in economic affairs and a greater role in regulating social affairs Examples: reduce taxes and regulations, ban same-sex marriage, limit immigration

10. Political Socialization  How individuals form political ideas and beliefs – comes from family, school, religion, peer groups, gender and ethnicity, and news media.

11. Nomination by Petition  Candidates who are not from major parties but have gotten enough signatures to be placed on a ballot

12. Interest Groups  Focus on specific issues or topics and encourage political parties to maintain and promote their beliefs and values

13. Electoral College  Group that elects the President – composed of the number of representatives and senators per state

14. Powers of Congress  Create federal laws  Declare War  Coin money  Regulate commerce (trade)  All of these are called expressed powers and are described in Article I of the Constitution

15. Checks and Balances  Each branch holds some power over the other two branches  Examples:  Impeaching the President  President vetoing a bill  Congress overriding a veto  Senate ratifying a treaty

16. Bill Making Process  House or Senate creates and passes a bill  President signs or vetoes the bill (this role is called Chief Legislator)

17. Veto Powers  President Can veto the entire bill only Pocket veto – less than 10 days before Congress adjourns Wait 10 days, not signing the bill and allowing the bill to become law  Congressional Overrides 2/3 majority of Congress can override

18. Federalism  Shared powers between the federal and state governments

19. Illinois Constitution  Legislative body = General Assembly  Chief Executive = Governor  Home Rule = process in which a county or municipal government may provide the citizens its own services

20. 2 nd Quarter Learning Target Review

21. Qualifications  House of Representatives 25 years old 7 year citizen 2 year term  Senate 30 years old 9 year citizen 6 year term

22. Qualifications  President 35 years old 14 year citizen 4 year term  Supreme Court Justice or Federal Judge No age Citizen Life term

23. Filibuster  The ability to give a long speech or series of speeches in an attempt to delay the work of the Senate

24. Structure  Article I – Legislative (Congress) makes laws  Article II – Executive – enforces laws  Article III – Judicial – reviews laws  Bill of Rights – 1 st Ten Amendments Rights of Citizens

25. Executive Privileges  Pardon – the excuse of an offense without exacting a penalty; a release from the legal penalties of an offense  Executive agreement - Presidents make deals with other nations or leaders, they are avoiding the treaty ratification power of the Senate

26. Powers Approve treaties - Senate Start revenue bills - House Manage respective departments - Cabinet Declare laws unconstitutional – Supreme Court Vetoes Laws - President Impeachment power – House Impeaches / Senate Tries Approves appointments - Senate Commander in Chief - President Presides over the House of Representatives - Speaker Writes opinions on law – Supreme Court

27. Amendment Process  Congress proposes amendments with a 2/3 majority vote  State legislatures ratify amendments with a ¾ vote

28. 1971 Changes to Illinois Constitution  Protection against discrimination for the handicapped  Protection against discrimination for women

29. Comparison  Illinois Government Executive  Line Item Veto Judges  Elected Representatives  Minimum age = 21  118 + 59  US Government Executive  No line item veto Judges  Appointed Representatives  Minimum age = 25  435 + 100