1. PRESIDENTIAL DUTIES Ryan D. Williamson 26 February 2015

2. Agenda Attendance Quiz 2 Lecture on the Executive Reading for next week

3. Questions?

5. Objective Outline the president’s major duties.

6. The Framers’ Wishes Respond decisively to crises (collective action) Coordination issues: Enforce laws uniformly and fairly Coerce conflicting groups to cooperate

7. Constitutional Bases of Presidential Power Election of the president would not be direct Electoral college Part of the checks and balances system Executor of the laws Appointments to the Supreme Court Primary role in the military and foreign policy

12. In Comparison: Executive Forms Founders purposely chose a system different than Britain’s Great Britain today is parliamentary democracy U.S. is a presidential system France is a mixed presidential system Different veto and proposal powers State governors

13. Individual Presidents and Scope of the Executive George Washington started the cabinet system and emphasized implied powers. Nineteenth century presidents made the office more partisan, populist, and powerful Theodore Roosevelt, Woodrow Wilson, and Franklin Roosevelt all expanded the office Increased national power relative to the states in economy and the welfare state Increased presidential power relative to Congress in world affairs Increased the size of bureaucracy

14. The Partisan Presidency The president today is seen as the head of the party in election and in policy making The president’s popularity shapes the party’s success in congressional and state elections The president’s initiatives shape the policy agenda for government

15. The Populist Presidency Presidents can “go public” and communicate directly with the American people Used to mobilize voters and put pressure on Congress Polling to measure public opinion

17. Questions?

18. PRESIDENTIAL- CONGRESSIONAL RELATIONS Ryan D. Williamson 26 February 2015

19. Objective Demonstrate why gridlock may occur between an executive and a legislature.

21. Presidential Vetoes What explains the variation in the number of vetoes a president issues? Veto threats Partisan control of congress Gridlock: arises when the two chambers of Congress and the president cannot agree on new legislation The status quo is key to whether new laws will pass

24. Appointments With the “advice and consent” of the Senate Position in executive agencies, ambassadorships and courts Looks for people who share philosophy

25. Order, Agreements, and Signing Statements Executive orders can be used for major policy changes Avoid waiting for legislation Executive agreements to avoid the Senate Signing statements explain how the president interprets the law

27. Administrative Resources White House staff Executive Office of the President An intermediate layer between the White House staff and federal bureaucracy Advises the president on policy Implements policy and provides Congress with information OMB is part of the EOP

28. The Vice President The Constitution and the Vice President The 12 th and 25 th Amendments Duties and responsibilities today Assumption of the presidency if needed Key advisor Break ties in the Senate

29. Investigations, Impeachments, and Electoral Pressures Checks on the president Courts can declare actions of the president unconstitutional Veto override Presidents can be impeached Elections and public opinion

30. Questions?

31. For next time… Read Chapter 6 of Bullock and Gaddie