1. General Characteristics and Invertebrates
Kingdom Animalia
General Characteristics
and
Invertebrates

2. What is an animal
Multi-cellular, eukaryotes, heterotrophic organisms whose cells do not have cell walls
Animals can have no symmetry, radial symmetry or bilateral symmetry
Animals must be able to take care of the following to survive
Feeding, respiration, circulation, excretion, response, movement, reproduction

3. Phylum Porifera Example: sponge, all species have no symmetry
Feeding: Sponges are ocean organisms and are attached to the ocean floor. They are filter feeders, meaning they filter food out of the water that flows through their bodies
Respiration, Circulation, Excretion: All done by the flow of water through the body
Response: Have no nervous system but can protect selves with poisons

4. Phylum Porifera, Cont. Reproduction
Asexual– budding or gemmules
Sexual– are hermaphrodites and internal fertilization occurs, sperm from one sponge swims through the water to fertilize the eggs of another
Movement– sponges are sessile organisms

5. Phylum Cnidaria Jellyfish, coral, hydra
Feeding: carnivores, hunters that paralyze prey with poison in nematocysts also called cnidocytes (stinging cells) located on tentacles. Once paralyzed, prey is pulled into the stomach (gastrovascular cavity)
Respiration, Circulation and Excretion: done by the flow of water through the body
Movement: Hydrostatic skeleton (muscles) or jet propulsion

6. Phylum Cnidaria, Cont
Response: Complicated nerve net along body, concentrated around mouth
Reproduction: Sexual only, two forms of life (polyp and medusa), external fertilization
Groups (Classes)– sea anemones and corals, jellyfish, hydras

7. Phylum Platyhelminthes
Flatworms: Planarian, Tapeworm
Feeding: Can be parasites, free- living carnivores or scavengers
Two way, one opening digestive tract (pharynx, mouth and anus all the same place)
Respiration, Circulation and excretion: Diffusion since the body is flat, flame cells help to remove liquid waste from the body

8. Phylum Platyhelminthes, cont
Response: Simple brain called ganglia (collection of nerve cells in anterior end), nerve cords along body, eyespot to detect light
Reproduction:
Sexual- hermaphrodites
Asexual- fission or regeneration
Movement- Free living move with muscles or cilia, parasitic worms do not usually move

9. Phylum: Nematoda Roundworms: hookworm, ascaris
Movement: Most roundworms are parasitic, so they don’t move on their own. Some have muscle systems to push themselves along
Feeding: Parasitic (mostly) so they spend their lives feeding off of other organisms through diffusion
Respiration, Circulation, Excretion: Diffusion across body membranes

10. Phylum: Nematoda Cont.
Response: Simple nervous system, ganglia in anterior end
Reproduction: Sexual reproduction, internal fertilization. Often, parasitic worms have complicated life cycles involving more than one host

11. Phylum Annelida Segmented worms such as leeches and earthworms
Feeding and Digestion: Complicated system including crop, gizzard and pharynx. Used in food storage, crushing and digestion
Circulation: Closed circulatory system with vessels and five hearts (earthworm)
Respiration: Diffusion, some respire using gills (aquatic)

12. Phylum Annelida Cont.
Excretion: Solid waste through anus, liquid waste through nephridia (little kidneys)
Response: Well developed nervous system with a brain and nerve cord
Movement: Complicated muscular system, marine worms use paddles to swim

13. Phylum Annelida, Cont.
Reproduction: Sexual, most have separate sexes, some hermaphrodites
Groups: Earthworms, leeches, marine worms

14. Phylum Mollusca
Soft bodied animals with four basic body parts, foot, mantle, shell and visceral mass
Feeding: Variety of feeding methods, carnivore, herbivore, scavenger, parasites
Respiration: gills or diffusion
Circulatory: Open system, blood pools in cavities called sinuses

15. Phylum Mollusca Cont. Excretion: Nephridia release liquid waste
Response: Nervous systems vary depending on type of mollusk
Movement: Varies depending on type, but foot is used for locomotion. Some mollusks have a foot divided into tentacles

16. Phylum Mollusca Cont.
Reproduction: Variety of reproductive processes. Mostly external fertilization, some have internal
Groups of Mollusks
Class: Gastropoda (stomach foot) snails and slugs
Class: Cephlapoda (head foot) octopuses and squid
Class: Bivalves (two shells) clams and oysters, scallops

17. Phylum Arthropoda
Means: Jointed foot or leg, examples, lobster, crab, insect, spider. Have exoskeleton made of chitin
Growth: Must molt to grow
Feeding: Variety of methods, carnivore, omnivore, parasite, herbivore
Respiration: Tracheal tubes, spiracles, book lungs, book gills

18. Phylum Arthropoda, Cont.
Circulation: Well developed heart, arteries and other vessels, open system (includes sinuses and other cavities)
Excretion: Malpighian Tubules, diffusion
Response: Brain, nerves, well—developed sense organs (eyes, taste receptors)
Movement: Muscles, wings, legs, swimmerets, variety of locomotion

19. Phylum Arthropoda, Cont
Reproduction: Mostly internal fertilization, males have a sex organ or deposit a sperm packet into females
Groups:
Crustaceans (lobster, crab, shrimp)
Chelicerates (spiders, mites, scorpions)
Insects (most number of animal species, butterflies, bees, ants)

20. Class Insecta Insects are the largest group of animals
Three part body (head, thorax, abdomen)
Three pairs of legs and other appendages
Complicated sense organs, movement and social structures
Some insects go through metamorphosis
Incomplete- grasshopper
Complete- Butterfly

21. Phylum Echinodermata
Means: Spiny Skin, examples sea star, sea cucumber, sea urchins
Water vascular system: complicated system using water to take care of many body processes
Contains hundreds of tube feet which use suction methods powered by water flow

22. Phylum Echinodermata, Cont.
Feeding: herbivores. carnivores, scavengers, filter feeders
Respiration and Circulation: water vascular system
Excretion: Solid waste released out of the anus, liquid waste through walls of tube feet by diffusion
Response: Radial nerve ring, scattered sensory cells

23. Phylum Echinodermata, Cont.
Movement: tube feet, thin muscles, soft joints
Reproduction: External fertilization, bi-lateral larvae, radial adult
Groups
Sea Urchins and Sand dollars
Brittle Stars
Sea Cucumbers
Sea Stars
Sea lilies and feather stars

24. Sponges

25. Cnidarians Brain Coral Box Jellyfish
Most poisonous creature in the sea
Portuguese Man o War

26. Flatworms
Planarian
Tapeworm
Blood Fluke

27. Roundworms
Roundworm
Hookworm

28. Segmented Worms
Cute Earthworm
Bunch of Earthworms
Leech

29. Mollusks
Octopus
Electric Flame Scallop
English Garden Snail

30. Arthropods
Lobster… Anybody Hungry???
Black Widow Spider
Butterfly

31. Echinoderms
Red-Lined Sea Cucumber
Sun Star
Sea Lily