2. 1. Name this process. 2. Name the end products (hint there are three). 3. Why are these end products? Copy Excretion Why is the process of excretion necessary?

3. The process of releasing metabolic cellular wastes from an organism. water perspiration urine carbon dioxide

4. What is it….. Excretion or Egestion? Excretion - material NOT used within the cell. Nitrogenous wastes Egestion- material NOT used in digestive system Solid wastes (feces)(feces) It's "PooPrints." So you live in an apartment complex with a doggie doo-doo problem? No worries! Have all the dogs swabbed and their DNA put in a data bank. Then if you find an unwanted present on your lawn, simply collect a sample using the " small spatula and Proprietary Collection Solution in a leak-proof container." Mail in the offending waste and in 5-10 days you'll know which dog did the deed!

5. ANY COMPOUND OR MIXTURE THAT CONTAINS NITROGEN. FORMED FROM THE BREAKING DOWN OF Proteins into AMINO ACIDS

6. 1.AMMONIA 2.UREA 3.URIC ACID

7. Why is excretion necessary? In order for cells to stay alive, they must continually intake and output water….maintain water balance The cells must also export molecules because they would continue to get bigger and bigger if they only took in molecules cells need to dispose waste products of cellular metabolism that are toxic

8. Skin Lungs Kidneys Liver Urinary system Respiratory system Integumentary system Digestive system

9. TWO bean shaped organs Located in the back of the abdomen, near the bottom ribs Organ responsible for filtration of wastes out of the blood

10. ROLE OF THE LUNGS in excretion? Excrete the wastes from RESPIRATION:

11. THE ORGAN RESPONSIBLE FOR DETOXIFYING THE BLOOD IT TAKESTOXINSOUT OF BLOOD. IT TAKES TOXINS OUT OF BLOOD.

12. (a)Breakdown of worn out Red Blood Cells (b)Deamination: breakdown of proteins into amino acids; process used to get rid of excess amino acids

13. How is the urinary system adapted for excretion?

14. DO NOW: Using your knowledge of biology What does this picture mean to you? video

15. METABOLIC ACTIVITY WASTES PRODUCED Aerobic cellular RespirationCO2 + H2O Anaerobic Cellular Respiration CO2 + Alcoholor CO2 + Lactic acid Dehydration SynthesisH2O Protein SynthesisNitrogenous Wastes Other Metabolic Processes (ex. neutralization reactions) Mineral Salts

17. Flow of Urine through the Urinary System 1 2 4 3

18. Tubes that are connected to the kidneys and the urinary bladder Responsible for transporting urine

19. A muscular organ that is connected to the urethra and the ureters Responsible for storage of urine until elimination

20. A tube connected to the urinary bladder and in direct contact with the environment Responsible for elimination of urine

22. Renal pelvis MEDULLA CORTEX URETHRA BLADDER URETHRA RENAL ARTERY & VEIN

24. How do nephrons assist in filtration? video

25. is the basic structural and functional unit of the kidney Its chief function is to regulate the concentration of water and soluble substances like sodium salts by filtering the blood, and reabsorbing what is needed and excreting the rest as urine

27. When water, salts, urea, glucose, amino acids diffuse out of the blood stream into the nephrons of the kidneys

28. How does the blood enter and leave the kidneys? “Renal” Artery “Renal” Vein To the kidney From the kidney

29. When some materials like glucose may be reabsorbed into the capillaries

31. water, urea and salts

32. What happens when the excretory system malfunctions? Complete handout!!!!

33. 1.Jaundice: Metabolic waste of bile are reabsorbed by blood (while bile is not secreted properly, causing a yellowing of the skin and eyes.) Treatment: phototherapy, antibiotics

34. 2. Gout: 2. Gout: Uric acid deposits in joints. Cause: Rich diet of purines (high protein) and excessive drinking

35. Treatment of gout Ice, rest and medications: steroid injection and/or an anti inflammatory

36. . Kidney Stones: 2. Kidney Stones: Various substances crystallize out of urine into urinary tract or kidney and do not pass through urethra.

37. Treatment of kidney stones Drink water, Urination and in severe cases surgery.

38. Kidney Failure: 3. Kidney Failure: Inability of kidney to filtrate and absorb nutrients properly. Excess waste and fluids build up in the body- death occurs if not treated.

39. Dialysis acts as an artificial kidney. There are two types of treatment: hemodialysis and peritoneal (sac around the abdominal organs) dialysis. hemodialysisAbout 90 percent of dialysis patients receive hemodialysis: the blood is circulated outside the body and cleaned inside a machine before returning to the patient.

40. What is this? LIVER

41. What’s wrong with these livers? CIRRHOSIS

42. 4. CIRRHOSIS: is scarring of the liver and poor liver function as a result of chronic liver disease. Causes: excessive DRINKING of ALCOHOL, chronic inflammation, poisons and heart disease Treatment: Cure? None! But Prolong life and offer quality of life with medication

43. Normal Kidney

44. Chronic Glomerulonephritis “Chronic Glomerulonephritis". Seen here are atrophic kidneys with a thin cortex from a patient at autopsy with chronic renal failure (CRF).

45. Review This diagram best illustrates 1.active transport 2.maintenance of homeostasis 3.synthesis of nutrients 4.differentiation

46. Which system is correctly paired with its function? 1.immune system—intake and distribution of oxygen to cells of the body 2.excretory system—remove potentially dangerous materials from the body 3.digestive system—transport energy-rich molecules to cells 4.circulatory system—produce building blocks of complex compounds

47. Which body system is correctly paired with its function? 1.excretory — produces antibodies to fight disease-causing organisms 2.digestive — produces hormones for storage and insulation 3.circulatory — transports materials for energy release in body cells 4.respiratory — collects waste material for digestion

48. The movements indicated by all the arrows are directly involved in 1.the maintenance of homeostasis 2.respiration, only 3.excretion, only 4.the digestion of proteins The arrows in the diagram below indicate the movement of materials into and out of a single-celled organism.

49. The energy an organism requires to transport materials and eliminate wastes is obtained directly from 1.DNA 2.starch 3.hormones 4.ATP

50. The diagram represents a microscopic view of a functional unit of a kidney. In a kidney, which blood component would not usually pass through the membranes from region A to region B? 1.red blood cells 2.mineral salts 3.urea 4.water

51. 1.releasing carbon dioxide into the sweat gland 2.transporting oxygen away from the sweat gland 3.transporting wastes to the sweat gland 4.filtering starch out of the sweat gland What is a major function of the blood vessel represented in the diagram below?

52. During a long-distance run on a hot day, an athlete produces large quantities of sweat. As a result, the kidneys change the rate of urine production. Why is this change important? 1.Decreased urine production increases the amino acids in the blood. 2.Increased urine production removes amino acids produced as a result of running. 3.Decreased urine production allows the body to conserve water. 4.Increased urine production allows more water to remain in the bloodstream.

53. Excretion is best described as the removal of 1.metabolic wastes from a cell 2.toxic wastes by the process of cyclosis 3.water molecules from dipeptide hydrolysis 4.undigested material from the digestive tract

54. skin