1. Calorie and protein needs I need ______g of protein/day. List 3 factors that you think influence protein needs. I need _____calories/day List 3 factors that you think influence calorie needs. What are your primary sources of protein?

2. Calorie and protein needs I need ______calories/day. List 3 factors that you think influence calorie needs. Age, health, activity, genetics, BMR, gender I need _____grams of protein/day List 3 factors that you think influence protein needs. ◦ Age, health, activity, protein quality, overall dietary intake, genetics…??? What are your primary sources of protein?

3. The grams of protein needed by most is ~ half our weight in pounds. We get this from plant or animal sources. 7-8 g in an egg 7-8 g/oz meat or cheese 7-8 g per ½ C beans 8 g/Cup soy milk

5. Question of the Day You have met your daily calorie and glucose needs. Plus, you have exceeded your protein need by 20 gms. What will your body do with the extra protein? a. Convert it into glycogen b. Convert it into storage protein c. Make it into fat d. Excrete it in the urine e. Store it as ATP

6. Illustration 15.1, p. 15-2 Protein Just One of the Essential Nutrients

7. Illustration 15.1, p. 15-2 Take it off its pedestal! Balance it with other nutrients

8. Illustration 15.1, p. 15-2 Take it off its pedestal! Balance it with other nutrients

9. Illustration 15.1, p. 15-2 Take it off its pedestal! Balance it with other nutrients

10. Protein is…… non-preferred glucose and nrg source In most foods except fats/oils and fruit. Typical US diet is hi pro made of _____ ____ (AA) Twenty common AA Nine essential (EAA) Rest non-essential (NEAA) All AA’s contain nitrogen (an amino NH 2 group)

11. Amino Acid (AA) Structure Amino Group Acid Group (NH 2 ) R group Unique to each AA If we can’t make the ‘R’ group, then AA is essential N is from the air we breathe

12. Amino Acids  Protein Chains of AAs make up proteins AA type/order determine protein function DNA ◦ holds blueprint for type/order of AAs ◦ is located in _____ of cell ◦ codes for ALL body proteins Part of DNA turned on, depends on cell’s job Gene= DNA segment that codes for specific protein (i.e. Insulin, thyroxine, enzymes, etc.)

13. Protein on the Job Enzymes Some Hormones Insulin

14. Protein on the Job Enzymes Some Hormones Transporters (Hgb) Antibodies Blood clotting proteins Water balance Insulin

15. Protein on the Job Enzymes Some Hormones Transporters (Hgb) Antibodies Blood clotting proteins Water balance Part of muscles, organs, connective tissue Non-preferred job of protein  energy  glucose

16. Top priorities of body : 1. Energy 2. Glucose When needed, protein is used for nrg or glucose, before used to make body proteins.

17. Points to ponder about protein… 1. A chicken thigh is mostly ____ by weight. 2. Protein is absorbed into the blood as______. 3. A protein supplement is needed to build muscle. 4. Low protein intake is common in the US? 5. Where does the nitrogen in protein come from? 6. How does restricting carbs impact protein need? 7. Why is protein a NON-preferred fuel? 8. What are some consequences of a high protein diet?

18. Excess diet protein-consequences Amino group must be excreted in urine ◦ Increase need for water ◦ Extra kidney work ◦ Saturated fat? Remainder of AA is converted to ◦ Glucose if needed ◦ Body fat if extra calories

19. How much protein do we store? Body nrg stores of 70 kg/154 lb male Fuel Type Fat calories stored 10% body fat 20% body fat Fat63,000126,000 Glycogen liver300-400300-400 muscle1200-16001200-160 Glucose100100

20. Protein is NOT stored!!! Body nrg stores of 70 kg/154 lb male Fuel Type Fat calories stored 10% body fat 20% body fat Fat63,000126,000 Glycogen liver300-400300-400 muscle1200-16001200-160 Glucose100100

21. Question of the Day You have met your daily calorie and glucose needs. Plus, you have exceeded your protein need by 20 gms. What will your body do with the extra protein? a. Convert it into glycogen b. Convert it into storage protein c. Make it into fat d. Excrete it in the urine e. Store it as ATP

22. What might be some problems due to inadequate protein intake? Hint: Review the jobs of protein in the body

23. Review: Jobs of protein Enzymes Some Hormones Transporters (Hgb) Antibodies Blood clotting proteins Water balance Part of muscles, organs, connective tissue Non-preferred use of protein  glucose  energy Insulin

24. Protein Deficiency Diseases Kwashiorkor Marasmus

25. Kwashiorkor Inefficient use of protein and fat Bloated belly Edema - abnormal storage of water in body

26. Marasmus ◦ Primary form of malnutrition globally ◦ Protein Calorie Malnutrition (PCM) ◦ Less developed countries……starvation ◦ Developed countries…..anorexic, cancer patients, end stage AIDS ◦ Emaciated appearance

27. Assume: You have met your daily calorie needs. You have exceeded your protein need by 20 gms. What will your body do with the extra protein. a. Convert it into glycogen b. Convert into a storage protein c. Make it into fat and energy d. Make it into carbohydrate e. Store it as ATP Do you need to change your answer?

29. Protein is used to make…. ATP ….if needed glucose..if needed Excess…stored as fat! Sorry, extra protein calories ARE NOT stored as protein!

30. Carbs spare protein! Carbs spare protein! Sources of glucose Body Source ◦ Blood glucose ◦ Liver and muscle glycogen ◦ Runner up….working body proteins Food Sources ◦ Preferred source…carbohydrates ◦ Runner Up….protein ◦ Lipid/Alcohol ≠≠> glucose

31. NH 2……… How do we get this? NH 2……… How do we get this? Air contains N, but not in the form we need to make protein Plants (with bacterial help) ‘fix’ N from the air into NH 2 to make AAs We eat plants (and/or animals that ate the plant) to get NH 2

32. How much protein do you need?

33. Protein RDA The RDA for healthy adults: ◦.4 g. prot./lb Ideal Body Weight (IBW) ◦.5-.75 recreational exercise ◦.6-.9 competitive exercise ◦ VERY rarely > 1.0 g. prot./lb IBW Ideal weight x g. prot/pound = protein need This is the calculation you did using the Protein Calorie Estimate hand-out.

34. Do you see a protein store listed? Protein is not a stored form of energy

35. High protein diet risks/benefits? Risks Typically lower in fiber If animal based protein, then high saturated fat and an expensive diet. Requires higher water intake. Why? Benefit You won’t be protein deficient!

36. Pair and Share Pair and Share 1. What are body/food sources of glucose? 2. What is thermogenesis? 3. Is protein stored in the body? 4. What might be the consequences of eating a high protein diet?