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The Urinary System Human Anatomy & Physiology Miss Tavitian
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What is the Urinary System? O Also known as the Renal System O Renal : of or involving kidney(s) O System that maintains appropriate fluid volume, electrolyte balance, pH of the blood
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Main Players of the Urinary System O Kidneys O Ureters O Bladder O Urethra
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Kidneys: Primary Organs of Excretion -Each day filter 120-150 quarts of blood to produce 1-2 quarts of urine -Prevent buildup of waste and extra fluid -Keep electrolyte levels stable (Na+, K+, Phosphate)
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Excretion vs. Defecation Excretion Defecation O Metabolic waste products once used in the body O Metabolism: the sum of all chemical reactions taking place in living organism O Releasing feces O Products that make up feces were never used in the body
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Kidney’s continued… -Produce hormones that help: Regulate blood pressure [enzyme renin released when kidney blood supply low] make red blood cells [Erythropoietin] Keep bones strong [Calcitriol]
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Hormones: Signaling Molecules Exocrine System Endocrine System O Hormones secreted by glands with ducts O Ducts are passage ways for the signaling molecules to travel O Hormones secreted by ductless glands O Hormones travel through the blood to reach target tissue
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With the kidney’s release of renin: eventually lead to body reabsorb Na+ which leads to more fluid retention
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As Area decreases, Pressure increases Aldosterone from the Adrenal Cortex helps blood vessels constrict which helps increase blood pressure
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As mentioned, Kidneys Excrete Metabolic Wastes O liver breaks down Amino Acids Ammonia is released. O Ammonia is too toxic for body, combines with CO2 to make Urea which then gets excreted in the urine
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Kidney’s also excrete Creatine O Muscles use ATP for Energy and as a result produce ADP O Muscles constantly need ATP so will turn to Creatine Phosphate to go from ADP ATP
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Kidney’s also excrete Uric Acid O Uric Acid comes from body breaking down some nucleotides O Can dissolve in blood O Too much uric acid hyperuricemia O Eventually crystals can form and lead to gout
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Interesting fact Birds release poop and pee at the same time The white is the uric acid, brown is poop
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Gout
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Gout: foods to avoid O Foods to limit (very high in purines): O Organ meats, such as liver, kidneys, sweetbreads, and brainsliverkidneys O Meats, including bacon, beef, pork, and lamb O Game meats O Any other meats in large amounts O Anchovies, sardines, herring, mackerel, and scallops O Gravy O Beer
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Parts of Kidney O Renal Cortex outer edge O Renal medulla middle portion O Renal Pelvis basin where urine first enters
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Blood with Waste enters through Renal Artery Clean blood exits and returns to heart through Renal Vein
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Functional Unit of Kidney= Nephron O Each Kidney has 1 million Nephrons
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