2. Excretion Is the processes in the body that removes metabolic wastes. Wastes such as excess water, H 2 O Urea, Carbon dioxide, CO 2 and other wastes from our blood.

3. Major Organs of Excretion

4. Skin Excretes: Sweat (water and salt) dead skin cells bacteria

5. Lungs Excretes: carbon dioxide (CO2) water

6. Kidneys Every drop of your blood is filtered by the kidneys 300 times per day. The kidneys excrete: waste from all cells salts fats urea water

7. Kidney Nephrons Kidney tubules (nephrons) are the Kidney’s functional units. They remove: Urea Sodium potassium Water from the blood and excrete them as urine. Kidneys also play important roles in: maintenance of blood volume blood pH red blood cell production. There about a 1 million Nephrons in a Kidney.

8. Structure of a Nephron

9. Lesser organs of Excretion

10. Liver This organ secretes bile and other chemicals to break down fats and other wastes in the blood. The liver filters out drugs. The waste goes to the kidneys to be taken to the bladder. The liver changes toxic ammonia, to harmless urea. The liver is the largest gland in the body.

11. Ureter connect the kidneys to the bladder to transport waste from the kidneys to the bladder for storage.

12. Bladder Bladder/ Urinary bladder- this is the storage place of the extra water and waste sent by the kidneys to be taken out the system by urination through the urethra

13. Urethra Is the tube urine exits the bladder.

14. Large Intestine The large intestine, or the colon, removes solid waste from the body. The Colon collects water from the waste that can be reused. It is about 6.5 meters long.

15. Kidney stone 1.A kidney stone is material that forms in a kidney out of substances in the urine. 2.A stone may stay in the kidney or break loose and travel down the urinary tract. A small stone may pass all the way out of the body without causing too much pain. 3.A larger stone may get stuck in a ureter, the bladder, or the urethra. A problem stone can block the flow of urine and cause great pain.

16. Causes of Kidney Stones 1.Decrease in urine volume 2.Dehydration 3.Medical conditions, such as gout. 4.Medications or supplements. 5.Dietary and hereditary factors are also related to stone formation.

17. Cures - Shock Waves A machine is used to send shock waves directly to the kidney stone to break it up into smaller stones that will pass through your urinary system with your urine.

18. Cures - Tunnel Surgery A small cut is made into the patient's back. A narrow tunnel through the skin to the stone inside the kidney. With a special instrument that goes through the tunnel, the doctor can find the stone and remove it.

19. Cures - Ureteroscope The doctor inserts the ureteroscope into the patient's urethra, passes it up through the bladder, and directs it to the ureter where the stone is located. The ureteroscope has a camera that allows the doctor to see the stone. A cage is used to catch the stone and pull it out, or the doctor may destroy it with a device inserted through the ureteroscope.

20. Appendicitis

21. Colostomy Stoma

22. Constipation

23. Diarrhea

24. Gallbladder

25. Hemaroids

26. Ulcerative Colitis / Celiacs

27. Normal bowel

28. Excretory Questions 1.List the 3 major organs of the Excretory system. 2.What is the main organ of the Excretory system? 3.What is the function of the main organ of the Excretory system? 4.Briefly describe the function of the nephron. 5.What is the major cause of Kidney Stones? 6.Describe one cure for Kidney Stones. 7.When you eat greasy french fries your small intestine absorbs the grease and other nutrients into your blood. Why doesn’t the grease clog up your young arteries?