1. Human Body Systems Review

2. Muscular System Function: to support and provide mobility Main Parts:
Smooth muscle: controlled by the autonomic nervous system
Cardiac muscle: found in the heart, acts like rhythmic smooth muscle,
Skeletal muscle: move us around and is responsible for most of our behavior. It is attached to bones.

3. Muscular System Tendons: Voluntary Muscles: Involuntary Muscles:
A tough band of tissue that connects muscles to tissue
Voluntary Muscles:
Muscles that are controlled by the brain
Skeletal and Smooth Muscles
Involuntary Muscles:
Muscles that are connected to uncontrollable nerves.
Cardiac muscles

4. Muscular System Illnesses: Fun Facts: Muscular dystophy
There are over 700 different skeletal muscles
It takes 17 muscles to smile and 43 to frown
The strongest muscle in the body is the tongue
We are about 1 cm taller in the morning than in the evening
It takes 200 muscles to make one step

5. Skeletal System
Function: support, movement, protection, and the production of blood cells.

6. Skeletal System Compact Bone: Spongy Bone:
Dense, rigid, and shaped like a cylinder
It protects the spongy bone
Spongy Bone:
Light, porous, and looks like a honeycomb

7. Skeletal System Axial Bones: Appendicular bones:
Bones of your head and trunk
Appendicular bones:
Appendicular is the adjective for appendage
Bones of your arms and legs

8. Skeletal System Protection: Illnesses: Fun Facts: Skull- Brain
Ribs- heart and lungs
Backbone- spinal cord
Illnesses:
Osteoporosis
Fun Facts:
Hardest bone is your jaw bone
Babies are born with 300 bones, but by adulthood the number is reduced to 206 bones

9. Nervous System
Function: its like the body’s wiring and allows us to perceive, comprehend, and respond t o our environment.
Nerves:
Connect to each other and allow us to send signals back and forth between parts of our body

10. Nervous System Autonomic Nervous System: Voluntary Nervous System:
Controls involuntary actions.
Ex. Beating of your heart, swallowing
Voluntary Nervous System:
Controls your body movements
Central Nervous System:
Head and trunk
Peripheral Nervous System:
Arms and legs

11. Nervous System Illnesses Fun Facts Nerve disorders Stroke
Alzeheimer’s disease
Fun Facts
There are more nerve cells in the human brain then there are stars in the sky
If we were to line up all the neurons in our body it would be around 600 miles long

12. Respiratory System
Function: a series of organs that takes in oxygen and expels carbon dioxide
Main Organs
Nasal cavity or mouth: the starting and ending point for breathing
Trachea: allows air to travel to the lungs
Lungs: allows gas exchange

13. Respiratory System Gas that we inhale: Oxygen
Gas that we exhale: Carbon Dioxide
Illnesses:
Lung cancer
Cystic Fibrosis
Fun Facts:
People younger then 30 breathe double the amount of people older than 80
Yawning brings more oxygen to the lungs

14. Circulatory System
Function: transports blood and oxygen from the lungs to other parts of the body
Main Organs
Heart: pumps blood through the body
Arteries, veins, and capillaries: carry blood through out the body

15. Circulatory System What is blood pressure?
The pressure of blood on the walls of blood vessels
What does it mean if your blood pressure is to high? Low?
High (Hypertension): causes strain on your blood vessels and results in in damage
Low (Hypotension): causes dizziness and fainting

16. Circulatory System Illnesses: Fun Facts: Heart attack Heart diseases
Lay out all the blood vessels end to end, it would stretch out 60,000 miles

17. Digestive System
Function: the organs work together to absorb nutrients from food
Major Organs:
Mouth
Throat
Esophagus
Stomach
Small Intestine
Large Intestine

18. Digestive System
Mechanical Digestion: Breaks down food into smaller pieces by chewing
Chemical Digestion: Breaks down food into smaller pieces by chemicals in your stomach
Illnesses:
Chron’s Disease
Fun Facts:
Esophagus ranges from 10 to 14 inches in length
We make 1 to 3 pints of saliva a day

19. Endocrine System
Functions: collection of glands that secretes hormones
Major Organs
Thyroid
Adrenal gland
Pancreas
Ovaries (women)
Testes (men)

20. Endocrine Hormones: a chemical that regulates our body
Homeostasis: our body being at equilibrium ie. We do not have a temperature
Illness:
Metabolism disorders
Diabetes
Alcohol poising
Fun Facts:
Diabetes was once tested by tasting urine
Stress kicks the endocrine system into high gear

21. Excretory System Function: the process of removing waste from the body
Major Organs:
Kidney: produce important hormones, filter blood, produce urine
Ureter: transport urine from the kidney to the bladder
Urethra: carries the urine from the bladder to the exit
Bladder: stores urine before it is excrete

22. Excretory System What is excretion?’ What is elimination? Illnesses:
Only the removal of metabolic waste
What is elimination?
The removal of indigestible material and metabolic waste
Illnesses:
Bladder infection
Kidney stones
Fun Facts:
A person pees about 3000 times a year
The bladder can hold ounces of urine
- A person poops about 305 pounds a year