2. Monday, December 2nd  Welcome Back!  2 weeks until Finals  Going over emotion and stress these next two weeks  Starting emotion today

3. Emotional Intelligence Test

4. THEORIES OF EMOTION

5. Emotion  The experience of feelings  Can activate and affect behavior but it is more difficult to predict the behavior prompted by a motivation

6. Basic Emotions  Fear  Surprise  Sadness  Disgust  Anger  Anticipation  Joy  Acceptance Plutchik proposed that there are eight basic emotions

7. Plutchik ’ s Basic Emotions

9. 3 Steps: Emotions are a mix of… 1) physiological activation, 2) expressive behaviors, and 3) conscious experience.

10. Theories 1. James-Lange Theory 2. Cannon-Bard Theory 3. Schachter-Singer Theory 4. Opponent Process Theory 5. Cognitive-Appraisal Theory

11. James Lange Theory

12. James-Lange Theory The James-Lange Theory proposes that physiological activity precedes the emotional experience.

13. 2. James-Lange theory Body = emotion “ Without the bodily states following on the perception, the latter would be purely cognitive in form; pale, colorless, destitute of emotional warmth. We might then see the bear, and judge it best to run... But we should not actually feel afraid. ” (William James, 1890) James, 1890, v. 2, p. 449 (Gleitman)

14. 2. James-Lange theory  Testing the theory:  Hypothesis 1: You need the body in order to feel emotions.  Test: Interview people with high vs. low spinal cord injuries High spinal cord injury: “ Sometimes I act angry... But it doesn ’ t have the heat to it that it used to. It ’ s a mental kind of anger. ” Hohman, 1966, pp. 150-151 (Carlson)

15. 2. James-Lange theory  Situation  bodily reaction  emotion   FEAR LOVE? or

16. Facial Feedback Theory

17. Facial-Feedback  Stimuls invokes physiological arousal including movement of facial muscles  Brain interprets facial expression which gives rise to your emotion  Sequence Stimulus (See snake) Make a face (fearful) Brain reads face Emotion (fear)

18. Cannon Bard Theory

19. Cannon-Bard Theory Proposed that an emotion-triggering stimulus and the body's arousal take place simultaneously.

20. Cannon-Bard Theory  See snake, run and fear simultaneous  Stimulus to thalamus -- sends simultaneous messages to:  Lymbic system (arousal)  Cortex (fear)

21. Two Factor Theory Schechter-Singer Theory

22. Schachter-Singer Theory Two-Factor Theory  suggests our physiology and cognitions create emotions.  Emotions have two factors–physical arousal and cognitive label.

23. 3. The Schachter theory  Situation  bodily reaction  emotion + cognitive appraisal  FEAR  LOVE

24. 3. The Schachter theory  Testing the theory:  Hypothesis: The same bodily reaction will cause one emotion in one situation, and another emotion in a different situation.  Give people a dose of adrenaline;  Put them in different situations;  What happens? FEAR LOVE

25. Opponent Process Theory

26.  Opponent process theory suggests that any given emotion also has an opposed emotion.  ( Fear/Relief or Sadness/Happiness)  Activation of one member of the pair automatically suppresses the opposite emotion  But the opposing emotion can serve to diminish the intensity of the initial emotion.

27. Opponent-Process Theory  For example, if you are frightened by a mean dog, the emotion of fear is expressed and relief is suppressed.  If the fear-causing stimulus continues to be present, after a while the fear decreases and the relief intensifies.

28. Cognitive Appraisal Theory

29. Cognitive-Appraisal Theory  For an emotion to occur, it is necessary to first think about the situation.

30. Cognition Can Define Emotion An arousal response to one event spills over into our response to the next event. Spill over effect Arousal from a soccer match can fuel anger, which may lead to rioting. Arousal fuels emotion, cognition channels it. AP Photo/ Nati Harnik Reuters/ Corbis

31. Cognition and Emotion What is the connection between how we think (cognition) and how we feel (emotion)? Can we change our emotions by changing our thinking?

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40. Non-Verbal Communication  http://psychology.about.com/od/nonverbalcommun ication/tp/nonverbaltips.htm http://psychology.about.com/od/nonverbalcommun ication/tp/nonverbaltips.htm

41. Detecting Lies WS  Read and annotate the excerpt about Detecting Lies  Identify 5 involuntary and voluntary facial expressions