1. The Cell Cells are the basic unit of living things

2. Leeuwenhoek
1674
First to describe cells as seen through a simple microscope

3. Robert Hooke In 1665, Robert Hooke viewed cork samples. He
observed hollow boxes which he called cells.

4. In the 1830’s Schleiden and Schwann studied plant and animal cells.

5. Schleiden
All plants are made of cells.

6. Schwann
All animals are made of cells.

7. Cell Theory
1. All organisms are composed of one or more cells.

8. Cell Theory
2. The cell is the basic unit of organization for organisms.

9. Cell Theory
3. All cells come from pre-existing cells.

10. BASIC CELL TYPES Prokaryote Eukaryote

11. Prokaryote Primitive cells without organelles.
Lacks internal structures surrounded by membranes
Lacks a true nucleus
DNA is contained in the nucleoid
Most are single-celled organisms

12. Eukaryote Has membrane bound structures Has a true nucleus
Allows cells parts to specialize in particular functions
Can be unicellular or multicellular
Membrane-bound structures are called organelles
Allows different chemical reactions to take place

13. Cell Structures and Functions

14. Plasma Membrane AKA: cell membrane Location: Surrounds the cell
Function: boundary between cell and environment
Controls what goes into and out of the cell.

15. Cell Wall Location: surrounds the plasma membrane in plant cells
Function: support

16. Nucleus
Location: center of the cell
Function: manage cell functions

17. Nuclear Envelope Location: surround the nucleus
Function: controls what goes into and out of the nucleus

18. DNA Location: in the nucleus, on the chromosomes
Function: produce the codes for protein synthesis

19. Chromatin Location: in the nucleus, made from DNA
Function: form chromosomes during cell reproduction

20. Nucleolus
Location: in the nucleus
Function: produce ribosomes

21. Ribosomes Location: nucleolus, endoplasmic reticulum, cytoplasm
Function: assembles enzymes and proteins for protein synthesis

22. Cytoplasm
Location: from the nuclear envelope to the cell membrane, surrounding the organelles
Function: a clear, jelly-like fluid that holds the organelles in place

23. Endoplasmic Reticulum
Location: within the cytoplasm
Function: site of lipid synthesis and cell’s delivery system

24. Golgi Apparatus Location: within the cytoplasm
Function: Receives and distributes the new proteins from the ER and distributes substances from the vesicles

25. Vacuole Location: within the cytoplasm One large vacuole in plants
Function: temporary storage of material (food, water, waste, enzymes)
One large vacuole in plants
Many small vacuoles in animals

26. Lysosomes Location: within the cytoplasm (animals only)
Function: digest enzymes, worn out or extra cell parts, food, virus/bacteria

27. Mitochondria AKA: powerhouse Location: within cytoplasm
Function: breaks down food to release energy

28. Chloroplasts Location: within cytoplasm (plants only)
Function: change light energy into usable chemical energy

29. Chlorophyll: green pigment that gives plants their color and traps light Belongs to a group of plant organelles called plastids; which are used for storage. They store starches (carbs), lipids, and pigments.

30. Cytoskeleton Location: Within the cytoplasm
Function: provides support for organelles

31. Composed of microtubules and microfilaments microtubules: thin hollow cylinders made of protein microfilaments: solid protein fibers

32. Cilia Location: outside of the cell, short, hair-like
Function: move the cell

33. Flagella Location: outside the cell, long, whip-like
Function: move the cell

34. Centriole Location: in the cytoplasm (animal cells only)
Function: aid in cell division