1. CELLS There are over 3,000,000,000,000 of me in your body!
Bacteria are also cells and there are over ,000,000,000, of them in your body!
YUCK!!!

2. THE CELL
The Cell- the basic structural and functional unit of all living organisms
The smallest unit of an organisms that is classified as living
The building blocks of life

3. DISCOVERY OF THE CELL
Robert Hooke (1665)- first named the cell when he looked at cork through a microscope and compared them to jail cells
Antoine van Leeuwwenhoek (1674)- first person to observe live cells (algae & bacteria)
Theodore Schwann, Matthias Schleiden, & Rudolph Virchow ( )- authors of the
CELL THEORY
All living things are composed of cells
Cells are the basic unit of function & structure of living things
All cells come from pre-existing cells

4. measured in micrometers
vary in size
vary in shape
measured in micrometers
3-2

5. A Composite Cell hypothetical cell major parts nucleus cytoplasm
cell membrane
3-3

6. ORGANELLES OF THE CELL
Organelles- ‘little organs’- are tiny structures that carry out specialized functions within the cell.
Nucleus is called the _______________ of the cell. It is a large __________ spot in eukaryotic cells. It _________________ all cell activity. It contains most of the ___________________ material of the cell. The large solid spot in the nucleus is the _____________________.
Control center
Dark
Coordinates
Genetic
Nucleolus

8. NUCLEOLUS Dense mass Ribosomes DNA
Nucleolus is a __________________ of chromatin (genetic material). It manufactures __________________________. The chromatin is _______________ in its active form.
Dense mass
Ribosomes
DNA

10. CELL MEMBRANE Cell Enters Phospholipid Cholesterol Membrane proteins
Cell Membrane performs a number of critical functions for the ________. It regulates all that _____________ and leaves the cell. It is made up of a ___________________ bi-layer, which composes most of its surface, ______________________ which stabilizes it, and_________________________ which act as channels for entering and exiting molecules.
Cell
Enters
Phospholipid
Cholesterol
Membrane proteins

11. Cell Membrane outer limit of cell
controls what moves in and out of cell
selectively permeable
proteins
receptors
pores, channels, carriers
enzymes
CAMS
self-markers
phospholipid bilayer
water-soluble “heads” form surfaces
water-insoluble “tails” form interior
permeable to lipid-soluble substances
cholesterol stabilizes the membrane
2-4
3-4

12. Cell Membrane
2-5
3-4
3-5

14. CYTOPLASM Jello Like Water Functions Organelles Circulates
Cytoplasm is the _________ - ___________ material inside the cell membrane and outside the nucleus. Cytoplasm contains a large amount of _______________ and many chemicals and structures that carry out the life ______________________ in the cell. These structures that the cytoplasm contains are called _____________________. Unlike a gelatin dessert, however, cytoplasm constantly _________________ or streams.
Water
Functions
Organelles
Circulates

16. MITOCHONDRIA Powerhouse Energy Production Double Cellular Folded
Mitochondrion is the _______________________ of the cell. It is the site of ______________ ________________. It has a ____________________ membrane. The inner membrane is where most _______________ respiration occurs. The inner membranes is _____________ with a very large surface area. These ruffles are called ___________. Mitochondria have their own ______________ and manufacture some of their own _______________.
Energy
Production
Double
Cellular
Folded
Cristae
Ribosomes
Proteins

18. ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM- TWO TYPES
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) is a series of double membranes that ________ back and forth between the cell membrane and the _______________. These membranes fill the ____________________ but you cannot see them because they are very ___________________. The rough E.R. has __________________________ attached to it. This gives it its texture.
Travel
Nucleus
Cytoplasm
thin
Ribosomes

19. ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM- TWO TYPES
Ribosomes are small structures that manufacture __________________________ for the cell.
Smooth E.R. ____________ ribosomes. It acts as a _______________ _________________ throughout the cytoplasm. It runs from the cell membrane to the nuclear ________________ and throughout the rest of the cell.
Proteins
Lacks
Transport
System
Membrane

21. GOLGI APPARATUS (BODY)
Golgi Apparatus (Body) is responsible for packaging _________________________ for the cell. Once the proteins are produced by the ______________ on the E.R., they pass into the _______________ like cisternae that are the main part of the Golgi body. These proteins are then squeezed off into the little _________________ which drift off into the cytoplasm.
Proteins
Ribosomes
Pocket
Vesicles

23. VACUOLES Clear Smaller Consumed Larger Support Pressure
Vacuole: They are sort of like a ___________________ bubble in the cytoplasm. Vacuoles in animal cells are considerably ________________ than those in plant cells. In animal cells, vacuoles may store food that needs to be ____________________. The cell sap vacuole in plants is much _________________ than animals. In addition to storing important substances, it also helps __________________ the plant. The ____________________of water filling the cell sap vacuole pushes out against the cell wall. This gives the wall enough strength to hold up fairly large green (non-woody) plants.
Smaller
Consumed
Larger
Support
Pressure

25. LYSOSOME- ANIMAL ONLY Suicide Golgi Digestive Enzymes Killing
Lysosomes are called ______________________ sacks. They are produced by the ________________ body. They consist of a single membrane surrounding powerful _______________ enzymes. Those lumpy brown structures are digestive _____________. They help protect you by __________________ the bacteria that your white blood cells engulf. _______________ act as a clean up crew for the cell.
Golgi
Digestive
Enzymes
Killing
Lysosomes

27. CENTRIOLES- ANIMAL ONLY
Centrioles are only found in __________________ cells. They function in cell _____________________.
Animal
Division

29. CELL WALL- PLANT ONLY Skeletons Support Cellulose Pressure Strength
Cell wall: Since plants don't have ______________, they need a little something extra to ____________________ them. The cell wall is made of a tough fiber called ____________________________she s:which does this job. When you combine the stiff cell wall with the outward _____________________of a full cell sap vacuole, you get enough ___________________ to hold up large plants. Tree cell walls contain other tough materials such as __________________, which make them even stronger.
Skeletons
Support
Cellulose
Pressure
Strength
Cork

31. CHLOROPLAST- PLANT ONLY
Chloroplast: Located in plant cells are large irregular shaped green structures called chloroplasts. They are _________________ because they contain a green pigment called ________________________. Chlorophyll ______________________ the energy of sunlight which can be used to help ______________________ food for the plant cell. This process is called ______________________________.
Photosynthetic
Chlorophyll
Absorbs
Manufacture

35. Cytoplasmic Organelles
Endoplasmic Reticulum
connected, membrane-bound sacs, canals, and vesicles
transport system
rough ER
studded with ribosomes
protein and lipid synthesis
smooth ER
lipid synthesis
break down of drugs
Ribosomes
free floating or connected to ER
site of protein synthesis
2-12
3-8

36. Cytoplasmic Organelles
Golgi apparatus
group of flattened, membranous sacs
packages and modifies proteins
Mitochondria
membranous sacs with inner partitions
generate energy
2-15
3-9

37. Cytoplasmic Organelles
Lysosomes
enzyme-containing sacs
digest worn out cell parts or unwanted substances
Vacuoles
fluid filled sacs
for food storage
Many small in animal cells
One large one in plant cells
Vesicles
membranous sacs
store substances
2-16
3-10

38. Plant Organelles

39. Animal Cell