2. PROTOPLASM Building material
Suspension substance that makes up the physical basis of all living things
Carries on the process of
Metabolism
Synthesizes protein
Produce energy
Reception of food and oxygen
Processes food and oxygen
Eliminates waste products

3. MACROMOLECULES/organic compounds
Proteins
lipids
carbohydrates
nucleic acids
These are organic materials that are life supporting and are in the cells of the human body

4. PROTEIN 15% building block (amino acids)
Order of these blocks determine the function of the protein molecule which in turn gives the cell its characteristic
builds new tissue
repairs
Source of heat and energy
makes up antibodies
hormones
ENZYME CONTROL
controls speed of chemical reaction (release energy from fat)

5. LIPIDS 2% non water soluble stores energy component of cell membrane
protects against cold/heat
Assists in digestive process
component of hormones

6. CARBS 1%
cell energy
releases large amounts of energy when bonds are broken thru metabolism
Three classifications of carbs
monosaccharides-glucose
disaccharides- sucrose
polysaccharids- starch

7. NUCLEIC ACIDS 1% of the cell Blueprint
DNA-nuclear command/control/reproduction info
RNA- in nucleus and cytoplasm
messengers or transfer agents

8. CHROMOSOMES Composed of____________
Humans have a total of _________chromosomes or ________pairs
DNA is divided into segments called________
The total amount of genetic material contained in a human chromosome is called the _______ __________
The process of gene identification is called______
A karyotype is a gene map

9. INORGANIC COMPOUNDS

10. WATER 80% delivers energy to target molecule
contributes to radiation effects

11. Chemical component of cell
Protoplasm
Organic compound
Inorganic compound
Suspended in water
water is 70-80% of protoplasm
Water
transports substances
temp. buffer

12. WATER 70%-85% in cell holds and transports temp. buffer
most chemical activity occur in water in cell
Osmosis
osmotic pressure=potassium and sodium and water

13. H2O and Inorganic compound
Osmosis-moving substances(water) inside and outside of cell
too little sodium inside or too much potassium outside cell will collapse-hypertonic

14. H2O and Inorganic compound
too much sodium inside or too little potassium outside cell will swell-
hypotonic

15. CELL STRUCTURE Cytoplasm nucleus organelles
Both filled with protoplasm

16. Cell Structures cell membrane Ribosomes Endoplasmic Reticulum
Mitochondria
skin
Synthesize the proteins
interconnecting tubules (nucleus and cytoplasm
source of energy

17. CYTOPLASM Golgi apparatus Liposomes
Collects molecules produced in one part of cell-modifies and distributes to other parts of cell.
Recycles proteins,carbs, lipids from old organelles

18. NUCLEUS OF CELL Brain nuclear envelope (membrane) chromosomes genes
nucleolus
Genetic/metabolic info
separates from cytoplasm
protein and DNA
Large amount of RNA held here

19. Anatomy of a Cell

20. CELLS SPECIALIZE IN ACTIVITIES

21. Tissue
Organs
System
Organism
Group of cells-same activity
group of tissues-specific functions
group of organs
Human body

22. CELL PROLIFERATION

23. Somatic Non-reproductive mitosis interphase
period of growth between division
G1-where cell grows
S phase- DNA replicated;# of chromosomes doubled
G2-organelles reproduced;chromatids reproduce

24. Prophase
Metaphase: in terms of radiographic exposure-most sensitive stage. Also where the radiation damage can be assessed
Anaphase
Telophase

25. Germ - meiosis
Process of reduction meiosis as germ cells begin with 46 chromosomes from the male (sperm) and female (ova) but must be reduced in half Malignant-abnormal division
More chromatin (contains genetic material)
Increased rate of nuclear material to cytoplasm

26. GERM CELLS Reproductive meiosis 2 divisions
-2 cells with diploid somatic #
-divide again with haploid #