Presentation is loading. Please wait.

Presentation is loading. Please wait.

Viruses: Bacterial and Animal Types

Published byPatrick Boone Modified over 9 years ago

Similar presentations

Presentation on theme: "Viruses: Bacterial and Animal Types"— Presentation transcript:

1 Viruses: Bacterial and Animal Types
Animal Viruses DNA vs RNA animal viruses Differences in replicating viral genome both ss and ds DNA & RNA forms DNA Viruses (E.g. smallpox, warts, tumors, herpes, colds) Life Cycle Attachment, penetration, (uncoating) Replication of DNA in nucleus of host Assembly in nucleus Lysis from nucleus and plasma membrane RNA Viruses (E.g... Polio, rabies, hepatitis, influenza, AIDS) Life Cycle of RNA->RNA viruses Replication of RNA to RNA in cytoplasm Assembly in cytoplasm, then lysis Retroviruses (HIV) Types of Infections: Latent (herpes, shingles), slow (encephalitis), prions (kuru, CJD) Oncogenesis 15% of cancers are virally causes (e.g. EBV (mononucleosis), HIV, papovaviruses-warts) Carcinogenic agents: mutagens, radiation, viruses Cancer cell characteristics (contact inhibition loss, chromosome number) Figure 13.1

2 Multiplication of Animal viruses
Attachment Viruses attaches to cell membrane Penetration By endocytosis or fusion Uncoating By viral or host enzymes Biosynthesis Production of nucleic acid and proteins Maturation Nucleic acid and capsid proteins assemble Release By budding (enveloped viruses) or rupture Having an RNA genome means transcription may not be necessary but an RNA-dependent RNA polymerase must be provided for replication.

3 Release of an enveloped virus by budding
Figure 13.20

4 Viruses: Bacterial and Animal Types
Animal Viruses DNA vs RNA animal viruses Differences in replicating viral genome both ss and ds DNA & RNA forms DNA Viruses (E.g. smallpox, warts, tumors, herpes, colds) Life Cycle Attachment, penetration, (uncoating) Replication of DNA in nucleus of host Assembly in nucleus Lysis from nucleus and plasma membrane RNA Viruses (E.g... Polio, rabies, hepatitis, influenza, AIDS) Life Cycle of RNA->RNA viruses Replication of RNA to RNA in cytoplasm Assembly in cytoplasm, then lysis Types of Infections: Latent (herpes, shingles), slow (encephalitis), prions (kuru, CJD) Oncogenesis 15% of cancers are virally causes (e.g. EBV (mononucleosis), HIV, papovaviruses-warts) Carcinogenic agents: mutagens, radiation, viruses Cancer cell characteristics (contact inhibition loss, chromosome number) Bacterial viruses sometimes can lie dormant inside of cells. DNA animal viruses reproduce in the nucleus while RNA viruses reproduce in the cytoplasm. Figure 13.1

5 Multiplication of DNA Virus
Papovavirus 1 Virion attaches to host cell 7 Virions are released Host cell DNA Capsid DNA 2 Virion penetrates cell and its DNA is uncoated 6 Virions mature Cytoplasm Capsid proteins mRNA 5 Late translation; capsid proteins are synthesized 3 Early transcription and translation; enzymes are synthesized 4 Late transcription; DNA is replicated Figure 13.15

6 Single/Double-stranded DNA, nonenveloped viruses
Parvovirus Fifths Disease Tumors Cancers Warts Hepatitis C Smallpox Cowpox Herpes simplex cold sores Genital herpes Kaposi’s sarcoma Know the names of some DNA viruses

7 Viruses: Bacterial and Animal Types
Animal Viruses DNA vs RNA animal viruses Differences in replicating viral genome both ss and ds DNA & RNA forms DNA Viruses (E.g. smallpox, warts, tumors, herpes, colds) Life Cycle Attachment, penetration, (uncoating) Replication of DNA in nucleus of host Assembly in nucleus Lysis from nucleus and plasma membrane RNA Viruses (E.g. Polio, rabies, hepatitis, influenza, AIDS) Life Cycle of RNA->RNA viruses Replication of RNA to RNA in cytoplasm Assembly in cytoplasm, then lysis Retroviruses Types of Infections: Latent (herpes, shingles), slow (encephalitis), prions (kuru, CJD) Oncogenesis 15% of cancers are virally causes (e.g. EBV (mononucleosis), HIV, papovaviruses-warts) Carcinogenic agents: mutagens, radiation, viruses Cancer cell characteristics (contact inhibition loss, chromosome number) Figure 13.1

8 Pathways of Multiplication for RNA-Containing Viruses
Figure 13.17

9 SS or DS RNA, +/- strand, enveloped/nonenveloped
Polio virus Rhinovirus (colds) Hepatitis A virus (vaccine) Hepatitis E virus Norwalk gastroenteritis Rubella virus Measles Mumps Yellow fever, dengue, and West Nile viruses Hepatitis C virus Ebola & Marburg viruses Respiratory infections Rabies virus Hepatitis D virus, virulent Influenza Know the names of some RNA viruses Hepadnaviridae Hepatitis B virus (esp. virulent, cirrhosis, cancer); used reverse transcription – (vaccine) Hanta virus Lassa fever Colorado tick fever

10 Viruses Can Recombine Within Host Cells: E.g. Flu Virus

11 Viruses: Bacterial and Animal Types
Animal Viruses DNA vs RNA animal viruses Differences in replicating viral genome both ss and ds DNA & RNA forms DNA Viruses (E.g. smallpox, warts, tumors, herpes, colds) Life Cycle Attachment, penetration, (uncoating) Replication of DNA in nucleus of host Assembly in nucleus Lysis from nucleus and plasma membrane RNA Viruses (E.g. Polio, rabies, hepatitis, influenza, AIDS) Life Cycle of RNA->RNA viruses Replication of RNA to RNA in cytoplasm Assembly in cytoplasm, then lysis Retroviruses (HIV) Types of Infections: Latent (herpes, shingles), slow (encephalitis), prions (kuru, CJD) Oncogenesis 15% of cancers are virally causes (e.g. EBV (mononucleosis), HIV, papovaviruses-warts) Carcinogenic agents: mutagens, radiation, viruses Cancer cell characteristics (contact inhibition loss, chromosome number) Figure 13.1

12 Multiplication of a Retrovirus
Reverse transcriptase Capsid DNA Virus Two identical + stands of RNA 1 Retrovirus penetrates host cell. Host cell RNA tumor viruses HIV-AIDS DNA of one of the host cell’s chromosomes 5 Mature retrovirus leaves host cell, acquiring an envelope as it buds out. Reverse transcriptase 2 Viral RNA Virion penetrates cell and its DNA is uncoated Identical strands of RNA 4 Transcription of the provirus may also occur, producing RNA for new retrovirus genomes and RNA that codes for the retrovirus capsid and envelope proteins. Viral proteins RNA 3 The new viral DNA is tranported into the host cell’s nucleus and integrated as a provirus. The provirus may divide indefinitely with the host cell DNA. Provirus (Hepatitis B also uses reverse transcriptase) Figure 13.19

13 Viruses: Bacterial and Animal Types
Animal Viruses DNA vs RNA animal viruses Differences in replicating viral genome both ss and ds DNA & RNA forms DNA Viruses (E.g. smallpox, warts, tumors, herpes, colds) Life Cycle Attachment, penetration, (uncoating) Replication of DNA in nucleus of host Assembly in nucleus Lysis from nucleus and plasma membrane RNA Viruses (E.g... Polio, rabies, hepatitis, influenza, AIDS) Life Cycle of RNA->RNA viruses Replication of RNA to RNA in cytoplasm Assembly in cytoplasm, then lysis Retroviruses (HIV) Types of Infections: Latent (herpes, shingles), slow (encephalitis), prions (kuru, CJD) Oncogenesis 15% of cancers are virally causes (e.g. EBV (mononucleosis), HIV, papovaviruses-warts) Carcinogenic agents: mutagens, radiation, viruses Cancer cell characteristics (contact inhibition loss, chromosome number) Figure 13.1

14 Special Types of Viral or Viral-Like Infections
Acute infections Peristent Viral Infections Latent: Virus remains in asymptomatic host cell for long periods Cold sores, shingles Chronic: Infectious virus can be detected at all times Hep B and C Slow Viral Infections Disease processes occurs over a long period, generally fatal Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (measles virus) Retrovirus disease(HIV) Prions (Protein infectious particles) – CJD, kuru, scrapie

15 Prions (Proteinaceous Infectious Agents)
Prion diseases: Creutzfeld-Jacob Disease (CJD), kuru, scrapie, bovine spongiform encephalophaty (BSE) PrPSc PrPc 1 2 3 4 Lysosome Endosome 5 6 7 8 Abnormally folded protein“recruits” normal ones to fold abnormally, leading to accumulations of abnormal proteins and neuron death. Abnormal protein is resistant to UV light, and proteases Figure 13.21

16 Viruses: Bacterial and Animal Types
Animal Viruses DNA vs RNA animal viruses Differences in replicating viral genome both ss and ds DNA & RNA forms DNA Viruses (E.g. smallpox, warts, tumors, herpes, colds) Life Cycle Attachment, penetration, (uncoating) Replication of DNA in nucleus of host Assembly in nucleus Lysis from nucleus and plasma membrane RNA Viruses (E.g... Polio, rabies, hepatitis, influenza, AIDS) Life Cycle of RNA->RNA viruses Replication of RNA to RNA in cytoplasm Assembly in cytoplasm, then lysis Retroviruses (HIV) Types of Infections: Latent (herpes, shingles), slow (encephalitis), prions (kuru, CJD) Oncogenesis 15% of cancers are virally causes (e.g. EBV (mononucleosis), HIV, papovaviruses-warts) Carcinogenic agents: mutagens, radiation, viruses Cancer cell characteristics (contact inhibition loss, chromosome number) Figure 13.1

17 Cancer Cell Characteristics
Cancer cell characteristics: loss of contact inhibition, chromosome abnormalities, cell fusion (polykaryocytes)

18 Some Viruses are Oncogenic

19 Viral Cancer Results Mostly From Activation of Oncogenes
Proto-oncogenes: Normal genes in human cells that control cellular division (mitosis) Activated proto-oncogenes (oncogenes) transform normal cells into cancerous cells. Requires at least “2 hits” Double-stranded DNA viruses cause most virus-induced tumors Virus can go through productive cycle and lyse cell OR Virus can transform cell without killing it by integrating into the middle of an oncogene

20 Viruses: Bacterial and Animal Types
Animal Viruses DNA vs RNA animal viruses Differences in replicating viral genome both ss and ds DNA & RNA forms DNA Viruses (E.g. smallpox, warts, tumors, herpes, colds) Life Cycle Attachment, penetration, (uncoating) Replication of DNA in nucleus of host Assembly in nucleus Lysis from nucleus and plasma membrane RNA Viruses (E.g... Polio, rabies, hepatitis, influenza, AIDS) Life Cycle of RNA->RNA viruses Replication of RNA to RNA in cytoplasm Assembly in cytoplasm, then lysis Retroviruses (HIV) Types of Infections: Latent (herpes, shingles), slow (encephalitis), prions (kuru, CJD) Oncogenesis 15% of cancers are virally causes (e.g. EBV (mononucleosis), HIV, papovaviruses-warts) Carcinogenic agents: mutagens, radiation, viruses Cancer cell characteristics (contact inhibition loss, chromosome number) Figure 13.1

Download ppt "Viruses: Bacterial and Animal Types"

Similar presentations

 3.a.1 – DNA, and in some cases RNA, is the primary source of heritable information (19.2).  3.c.3 – Viral replication results in genetic variation,

 3.a.1 – DNA, and in some cases RNA, is the primary source of heritable information (19.2).  3.c.3 – Viral replication results in genetic variation,
Viruses.

Viruses.
Max Sanam.  Understand stages in animal virus replication  Compare and contrast the multiplication cycle of DNA and RNA-containing animal viruses 

Max Sanam.  Understand stages in animal virus replication  Compare and contrast the multiplication cycle of DNA and RNA-containing animal viruses 
1 VIRUSES and prions CHAPTER 10 : part 2. 2 Viruses part II - Animals and Plants Unique challenges. Must evade immune systems and must cross 2 lipid bilayer.

1 VIRUSES and prions CHAPTER 10 : part 2. 2 Viruses part II - Animals and Plants Unique challenges. Must evade immune systems and must cross 2 lipid bilayer.
Eukaryotic Viruses Taxonomy characters: nucleic acid type; enveloped or naked; capsid shape; assembly site in host (nucleus or cytoplasm)

Eukaryotic Viruses Taxonomy characters: nucleic acid type; enveloped or naked; capsid shape; assembly site in host (nucleus or cytoplasm)
Viruses, part 2.

Viruses, part 2.
Lecture 90 – Lecture 91 – Lecture 92 Viruses and Prions Ozgur Unal

Lecture 90 – Lecture 91 – Lecture 92 Viruses and Prions Ozgur Unal
Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings PowerPoint ® Lecture Slide Presentation prepared by Christine L. Case Microbiology.

Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings PowerPoint ® Lecture Slide Presentation prepared by Christine L. Case Microbiology.
Virology Introduction to the viruses. Edward Jenner Vaccinations Cowpox  cross protection against small pox Variola virus  Major  Blisters  Blindness.

Virology Introduction to the viruses. Edward Jenner Vaccinations Cowpox  cross protection against small pox Variola virus  Major  Blisters  Blindness.
Viruses, viroids and prions. What are viruses? Very small Obligatory intracellular parasites –Difficult to isolate, detect, cultivate –Somewhat like Rickettsia…

Viruses, viroids and prions. What are viruses? Very small Obligatory intracellular parasites –Difficult to isolate, detect, cultivate –Somewhat like Rickettsia…
Medical Technology Department, Faculty of Science, Islamic University-Gaza MB M ICRO B IOLOGY Dr. Abdelraouf A. Elmanama Ph. D Microbiology 2008 Chapter.

Medical Technology Department, Faculty of Science, Islamic University-Gaza MB M ICRO B IOLOGY Dr. Abdelraouf A. Elmanama Ph. D Microbiology 2008 Chapter.
Lecture 29: Viruses 0.5 m.

Lecture 29: Viruses 0.5 m.
Prions Infectious proteins Inherited and transmissible by ingestion, transplant, and surgical instruments Spongiform encephalopathies: Sheep scrapie, Creutzfeldt-Jakob.

Prions Infectious proteins Inherited and transmissible by ingestion, transplant, and surgical instruments Spongiform encephalopathies: Sheep scrapie, Creutzfeldt-Jakob.
REPLICATION OF THE VIRUS

REPLICATION OF THE VIRUS
Chapter 18.  1796 – Edward Jenner developed the smallpox vaccine  1897 – Beijerinck coined the term “virus” meaning poison  1935 – Wendell Stanley.

Chapter 18.  1796 – Edward Jenner developed the smallpox vaccine  1897 – Beijerinck coined the term “virus” meaning poison  1935 – Wendell Stanley.
Chapter 14: Animal Viruses

Chapter 14: Animal Viruses
Chapter 10 Viruses Viruses contain DNA or RNA

Chapter 10 Viruses Viruses contain DNA or RNA
Lecture 9 Viruses, Viroids, Prions

Lecture 9 Viruses, Viroids, Prions
Structure of Viruses All viruses are composed of: – Nucleic acids: Virus’s genetic material DNA or RNA Code solely for reproduction – Capsid: Protein coat.

Structure of Viruses All viruses are composed of: – Nucleic acids: Virus’s genetic material DNA or RNA Code solely for reproduction – Capsid: Protein coat.
Virusus Non-living infectious agents Require host (parasites) Found everywhere. Infect organisms in every kingdom Edward Jenner-first vaccine for smallpox.

Virusus Non-living infectious agents Require host (parasites) Found everywhere. Infect organisms in every kingdom Edward Jenner-first vaccine for smallpox.

Similar presentations

Ads by Google