Download presentation
Presentation is loading. Please wait.
1
Urinary system
2
General outline component urinary organs: kidneys
micturition organs: ureter, bladder and urethra function discharge metabolite regulate the balance of water and electrolyte endocrine function: renin, erythropoietin, prostaglandin
3
Renal anatomic structure
Fibrosa Cortical labyrinth Medullary ray Cortex Parenchyma Renal pyramids Renal columns Medulla
4
Renal histological structure
Glomerulus Bowman’s capsule Renal corpuscles nephron Renal tubules collecting duct juxtaglomerular apparatus
7
Kidney
8
Renal cortex Renal medulla
9
Structure of Renal corpuscle:
afferent arteriole efferent arteriole capillary network mesangial cells Glomerulus parietal layer: simple squamous Epi. Bowman’s capsule capsular cavity: filtrate visceral layer: podocytes (primary and secondary processes, slit membrane)
10
Renal corpuscle
12
Podocyte
13
Glomerulus Renal corpuscle
14
Functions of Renal corpuscle:
Produce filtrate (primary urine) fenestrated endothelium basement membrane slit membrane of podocyte Filtration membrane (filtration barrier) molecular weight charges relevant factors of filtrate
15
Filtration membrane
16
Renal tubules: convoluted tubule straight tubule proximal thin segment
Henle’s loops straight tubule convoluted tubule distal
18
Proximal tubule Location: cortical labyrinth
LM: simple cuboidal or pyramid Epi. acidophilic cytoplasm no discrete cell margin; brush border; longitudinal striation
19
Convoluted segments of proximal and distal tubules
20
EM: apical canaliculi and vesicles
numerous lysosomes, Mi. many lateral interdigitations microvilli on the surface membrane invaginations abundant Na+-K+ATPase
22
Function reabsorb water, glucose, amino acid, protein, vitamin and inorganic salts etc. secrete ammonia and some metabolic substances
23
thin segment location: medullary ray and renal pyramids
LM: simple squamous Epi.; pale cytoplasm, EM: a few microvilli; less organelles Function: water, and ions pass through easily
24
Thin segment and straight segment of distal tubule
25
Distal tubule location: medullay ray and renal pyramids
LM: simple cuboidal Epi; clear cell boundary; pale cytoplasm; nuclei near lumen; without brush border; have longitudinal striation
26
EM: a few microvilli; many membrane invagination; many mitochondria; abundant Na+-K+ATPase Function: reabsorb Na+ and water; excrete K+; secrete NH3
27
Distal straight tubules and collecting tubules
28
Convoluted segments of proximal and distal tubule
29
Collecting tubules: location: medullary ray and renal pyramids
components: arched collecting tubules; straight collecting tubules; papillary ducts simple cuboidal Epi simple columnar Epi., papillary ducts line tall columnar Epi; pale staining; distinct borders; rare microvilli and Mi. function: similar to that of distal convoluted tubules
30
Straight segment of distal tubule and collecting tubule
31
Juxtaglomerular apparatus:
located in a triangle area at the vascular pole of the renal corpuscles consist of juxtaglomerular cells, macular densa and extraglomerular mesangial (polar cushion) cells function: control water and electrolyte balance; regulate blood pressure; produce erythropoietin
32
Juxtaglom-erular apparatus
33
Juxtaglomerular cells
smooth muscle cells of the afferent arteriole transform into the epithelial cells cytoplasm: a few myofibrils; PAS-positive granules contained renin; abundant RER, ribosomes and well developed Golgi apparatus; function: secrete renin and erythropoietin
34
Juxtaglomerular cell
35
Macular densa transformed from the cells of distal tubule
which near the vascular pole of the renal corpuscle the cells become taller and narrow, arranged compactly; pale cytoplasm; nuclei located at the apex a chemical (Na+ ) sensor
36
Macular densa
37
Extraglomerular mesangial cells
resemble the intraglomerular mesangial cells gap junctions between the component of the juxtaglomerular apparatus transmit information
38
Features of renal blood circulation
blood flow is large two sets of capillary network the diameter of afferent arterioles is larger than that of efferent, so as to facilitate filtration the vasa recta are parallel to the Henle’s loop, so aid water reabsorption and urine concentration
39
Blood vessels of kidney
40
Micturition organs (ureter, bladder,) Epi: transitional Epi
Lamina propria: L.C.T. mucosa muscle layer: smooth muscle adventitia: fibrosa serosa
41
Bladder
42
Ureter
Similar presentations
© 2024 SlidePlayer.com. Inc.
All rights reserved.