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The basic unit of all living things
The Cell The basic unit of all living things 1
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Robert Hooke was the first to name the cell (1665)
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The Cell Theory The cell is the unit of Structure of all living things. The cell is the unit of Function of all living things. All cells come from Pre-existing cells. 3
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Two Major Cell Types Prokaryotic cells – (Streptococcus, E.coli, etc.) NO NUCLEUS Eukaryotic cells. These include: plants, animals, fungi, protists HAVE A NUCLEUS 4
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ANIMAL CELL 5
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PLANT CELL 6
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CELL MEMBRANE CELL MEMBRANE: All cells are covered by a cell
membrane; it regulates what comes in and goes out of the cell . Also Called the PLASMA MEMBRANE Found in both plant and animal cells 7
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Cell Membrane also called the Plasma Membrane
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CYTOPLASM Found in plant and animal cells
Cytoplasm – jelly like substance that fills cells; made of mostly water; holds the organelles Found in plant and animal cells 9
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NUCLEUS Nucleus – contains the cell’s DNA and is the control center of the cell Found in both plant and animal cells. 10
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RIBOSOME Ribosome – the site where amino acids are hooked together to make proteins This is the site of Protein Synthesis Found in both plant and animal cells 11
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ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM -found in both plants and animals
System of Channels that transport proteins in a cell. Some reactions take place on the surface Two types Rough-with Ribosomes on them and Smooth- no ribosomes on them 12
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GOLGI BODIES Responsible for labeling, sorting and packaging chemicals (proteins) and secreting (releasing) them from the cell 13
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VACUOLES Vacuoles – store water and other materials
Found in both plant and animal cells Plants have very large vacuoles. Animals have small vacuoles 14
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Food Vacuole 15
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LYSOSOME Lysosomes – digest food particles, wastes, cell parts and foreign invaders. They have such powerful enzymes they can destroy a whole cell. Example: Tadpole’s tail. Found in animal cells 16
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Mitochondria – Makes Energy for Cell . Energy is also called ATP
Site of Cellular Respiration It takes in oxygen and glucose and releases Carbon dioxide , water and ATP Found in both plant and animal cells. 17
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Some Organelles are only found in Plant Cells
Do you know which ones? 18
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CELL WALL Cell Wall – the cell wall gives structure and support to the cell membrane. Only found in plant cells 19
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CHLOROPLASTS All plant cells contain Chloroplasts. They are the
organelle responsible for _photosynthesis_ which uses the sun to make glucose(sugar). Chloroplasts are green due to a pigment called chlorophyll. Only found in plant cells 20
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There is one organelle found only in Animal Cells….
Can you name it?
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The Centrioles These are necessary for Animal cell Division. Plants manage without them. 21
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COMPARISON OF ORGANELLES TO ORGAN SYSTEMS
NUCLEUS BRAIN NERVOUS SYSTEM CELL MEMBRANE LUNGS RESPIRATORY SYSTEM LYSOSOME STOMACH DIGESTIVE SYSTEM KIDNEY EXCRETORY SYSTEM 23
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LINKING HOW ORGANELLES WORK TOGETHER
NUCLEUS CONTROLS THE RATE OF PROTEIN SYNTHESIS BY RIBOSOMES CELL MEMBRANE REGULATES THE PASSAGE OF OXYGEN INTO THE CELL TO BE USED BY MITOCHONDRIA AFTER A LYSOSOME DIGESTS OLD ORGANELLES THE CELL MEMBRANE RELEASES THEM OUT OF THE CELL THE GOLGI BODY PRODUCES LYSOSOMES WHICH ARE USED TO DIGEST BACTERIA 24
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WRAP UP HEREDITARY INFORMATION IS STORED INSIDE THE: A. RIBOSOMES
B. NUCLEUS, C. MITOCHONDRIA 25
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WRAP UP 2. DIAGRAM TO THE RIGHT REPRESENTS:
A. A CHLOROPLAST CARRYING OUT RESPIRATION B. A LYSOSOME CARRYING OUT PHAGOCYTOSIS C. A MITOCHONDRIA CARRYING OUT RESPIRATION 26
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WRAP UP 3. LEVELS OF ORGANIZATION FOR STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION IN THE HUMAN BODY FROM LEAST COMPLEX TO MOST COMPLEX ARE: A. CELLS-->TISSUES-->ORGANS-->SYSTEMS B. SYSTEMS-->ORGANS-->TISSUES-->CELLS C. CELLS-->ORGANS-->TISSUES-->SYSTEMS 27
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WRAP UP 4. STUDIES OF FAT CELLS AND THYROID CELLS SHOW THAT FAT CELLS HAVE FEWER MITOCHONDRIA THAN THYROID CELLS. A BIOLOGIST WOULD MOST LIKELY INFER THAT FAT TISSUE: A. HAS ENERGY REQIREMENTS EQUAL TO THOSE OF THYROID TISSUE B. REQUIRES LESS ENERGY THAN THYROID TISSUE C. REQUIRES MORE ENERGY THAN THYROID TISSUE 28
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