1. Cell Structures and Functions Unit 5 – Chapter 4

2. The Cell Theory Devised by Matthias Schleiden, Theodor Schwann, and Rudolf Virchow. 1. _______________________________ _____________. 2. _______________________________ _____________________. 3. _______________________________ _____________________..

3. The World of Cells Cell – basic building block of life. ______________– (1665) – observed the dead cells of cork. He likened them to cells in a prison….thus coining the name “cell”. _______________ – nutrition, digestion, excretion, secretion, absorption, biosynthesis, respiration, response, reproduction.

4. 2 Types of Cell Organization 1. ______________: - Exs.) Bacteria and Cyanobacteria ONLY - smaller and less complex than eukaryotes - Do not have membranes enclosing cell parts, therefore NO DISTINCT NUCLEUS - DNA (genetic material) is on a circular loop in center of cell

5. 2. _________________: - includes all cells other than bacteria and cyanobacteria (prokaryotes) - Larger and more complex than prokaryotes - Have cell parts that are enclosed in membranes - HAVE A DISTINCT NUCLEUS THAT HOUSES THE DNA

6. Section 7-2 Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells Go to Section: Animal Cell Nucleus Nucleolus Cell Membrane Cytoplasm

7. Eukaryotic Cell Organelles and Function 1. _____________ Nickname: “The Control Center” Function: holds the DNA Parts: 1. _______________: dark spot in the middle of the nucleus that helps make ribosomes 2. _______________: controls traffic in/out of nucleus 3. _______________: all substances INSIDE the nucleus 4. _______________: unraveled chromosomes = DNA

8. Section 7-2 Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells Go to Section: Animal Cell Nucleus Nucleolus Ribosomes Cell Membrane Cytoplasm

9. Eukaryotic Cell Organelles and Function 2. _____________ Function: site where _______________ _________________ Found in all cells, prokaryotic and eukaryotic

10. Eukaryotic Cell Organelles and Function 3. _____________________(ER) Nickname: “Highway system” Function: Provides a route for cell products to move throughout the cell

11. Section 7-2 Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells Go to Section: Animal Cell Nucleus Nucleolus Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum Cell Membrane Cytoplasm Ribosomes

12. Endoplasmic Reticulum 2 Types: 1. _____________: Rough appearance because it has ribosomes attached Function: helps make proteins, that’s why it has ribosomes 2. _____________: NO ribosomes attached Function: makes fats or lipids

13. Section 7-2 Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells Go to Section: Animal Cell Nucleus Nucleolus Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum Ribosomes Golgi Complex Cell Membrane Cytoplasm

14. Eukaryotic Cell Organelles and Function 4. _______________ Nickname: “Shipping department” Function: packages, modifies, and transports materials to different locations inside/outside of the cell Appearance: stack of pancakes

15. Section 7-2 Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells Go to Section: Animal Cell Nucleus Nucleolus Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum Ribosomes Golgi Bodies Cell Membrane Cytoplasm

16. Eukaryotic Cell Organelles and Function 5. _____________: circular, but bigger than ribosomes) Nickname: “Clean-up Crews” Function: _________________________ ____________________ into particles the the cell can use, and to destroy old and diseased cells

17. Section 7-2 Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells Animal Cell Nucleus Nucleolus Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum Ribosomes Golgi Bodies Mitochondria Cell Membrane Cytoplasm

18. Eukaryotic Cell Organelles and Function 6. __________________ Nickname: “The Energy Factory” Function: ______________________ _____________________________________ _____________________________ ATP: is the major fuel for all cell activities that require energy

20. Animal Cell Nucleus Nucleolus Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum Ribosomes Golgi Bodies Mitochondria Cell Membrane Cytoplasm

21. A Few Additional Cell Organelles ___________ – in animal cells, this is a food storage sac. ____________ – all substances OUTSIDE the nucleus. ____________– controls traffic in/out of the entire cell.

22. Now let’s talk about structures ONLY found in PLANT Cells!!

23. Section 7-2 Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells Go to Section: Plant Cell Cell Membrane Water Vacuole

24. Eukaryotic Cell Organelles and Function 7. _______________ Function: stores water, sugars, waste products This is what makes lettuce crisp When there is no water, the plant wilts

25. Section 7-2 Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells Go to Section: Plant Cell Cell Membrane Vacuole Chloroplasts

26. Eukaryotic Plant Cell Organelles and Function 8. ______________ Function: traps energy from the sun to produce food for the plant cell Green in color because of chlorophyll, which is the green pigment that captures the sunlight

27. Chloroplasts

28. 2 Other Types of Plastids ________________ – many different colors such as those found in fruit and flowers. ________________ – cloudy white or clear…they store starch such as in potatoes, rice, squash.

29. Section 7-2 Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells Go to Section: Plant Cell Cell Membrane Vacuole Chloroplasts Cell Wall

30. Eukaryotic Plant Cell Organelles and Function 9. ____________ Function: _______________________ ______________ to the cell membrane Found outside the cell membrane in plant cells Allows the plant cell to hold high water pressures…this keeps the plant from wilting

31. Plant Cell Cell Membrane Vacuole Chloroplasts Cell Wall Nucleolus Nucleus Rough ER Smooth ER Golgi Bodies Mitochondria Ribosomes Cytoplasm

32. How Do Some Organisms Build from the Cell?? (Also known as the levels of organization in living things)……..see below…… 1. Cell – basic unit ↓ 2. Tissue – group of CELLS that work to do the same job such as Nervous tissue ↓ 3. Organ – group of TISSUES that work to do the same job such as the heart. ↓ 4. System – group of ORGANS that work together to do the same job such as the digestive system ↓ 5. Complete Organism – group of SYSTEMS that work together to do one job