2. What do you know about cells?

3. Q: How many cells are in the human body?

4. What do you know about cells? Q: How many cells are in the human body? A: About 100 trillion

5. What do you know about cells? Q: How many cells are in the human body? A: About 100 trillion Q: How many different types of cell are there in the human body?

6. What do you know about cells? Q: How many cells are in the human body? A: About 100 trillion Q: How many different types of cell are there in the human body? A: About 210

7. What do you know about cells? Q: How many of your cells die each minute?

8. What do you know about cells? Q: How many of your cells die each minute? A: About 300 million

9. What do you know about cells? Q: How many of your cells die each minute? A: About 300 million Q: What are the largest and smallest cells in the human body?

10. What do you know about cells? Q: How many of your cells die each minute? A: About 300 million Q: What are the largest and smallest cells in the human body? A: The largest is the female egg (oocyte), the smallest is the male sperm. (it take about 175 000 to weigh as much as one egg)

11. What do cells need to do?

12.  Intake and store nutrients  Grow  Respond to stimuli  Exchange gases  Remove waste material  Reproduce

13. What do cells need to do?  Intake and store nutrients  Grow  Respond to stimuli  Exchange gases  Remove waste material  Reproduce Each cell must do all these things to survive. We wouldn’t survive if they didn’t

14. Cell Theory

15.  Term “cell” was coined in 1665 by Robert Hooke when he looked at a slice of dried cork.

16. Cell Theory  Term “cell” was coined in 1665 by Robert Hooke when he looked at a slice of dried cork. He also observed that: 1. All living things are comprised of cells. 2. Cells are the smallest “living” unit in an organisms. 3. Cells come from previously existing cells This is called the Cell Theory

17. Cell Diversity  Lots of shapes and sizes

18. Typical Cell

19. Cell Organization

20.  The cell includes two basic parts: 1. Cell Membrane (outer covering of cell) 2. Cytoplasm  Cytosol (fluid portion of the cytoplasm)  Organelles (cell “organs” or functional parts)

21. Cell Membrane  Outer boundary of cell  Comprised of two layers of lipid (fat)  Regulates what goes in and out of cell  Proteins give the cell its unique “personality” or function

22. Cell Membrane

23. Cytoplasm  Is comprised of: 1. Cytosol ( fluid portion of the cytoplasm ) 2. Organelles ( cell “organs” or functional parts )

24. Organelles

25. 1. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER)  A network of membrane-bound tunnels throughout the cytoplasm

26. ER Rough ER Smooth ER

27. Ribosomes  Particles attached to ER are ribosomes.  Ribosomes are the site of protein synthesis within every cell.

28. Golgi Apparatus  Flattened membranes  Involved in packaging and secretion of proteins

29. Golgi Apparatus

30. Mitochondria  Bean shaped organelle where cellular respiration takes place.

31. Mitochondria  Bean shaped organelle where cellular respiration takes place.  Glucose + Oxygen > CO2 + Water + Energy

32. Nucleus

33.  Control center of cell  Contains DNA/chromosomes  Genetic repository for ~ 35,000 genes  Genes control the synthesis of proteins in each cell.  Red blood cells don’t have a nucleus.  Skeletal muscle cells have multiple nuclei.

34. Vacuole  Storage areas in cells  Really big in plant cells, much smaller in animal cells  Usually called “vesicles” in animal cells

35. Vacuole – plant cell

36. Vacuole – animal cell

37. Plant and Animal Cells Organelles found in both plant and animal cells.  Cell membrane  Cytoplasm  Nucleus  Vacuole  E.R.  Golgi bodies

38. Plant and Animal Cells Organelles found in both plant and animal cells.  Centioles  Mitochondrion  Ribosomes  Nucleolus

39. Plant cells ONLY

40. Chloroplast – where photosynthesis takes place.

41. Plant cells ONLY Chloroplast – where photosynthesis takes place. CO2 + water + sunlight > glucose + O2

42. Plant cells ONLY Chloroplast – where photosynthesis takes place. CO2 + water + sunlight > glucose + O2

43. Plant cells ONLY  Cell Wall – The structure that surrounds the cell membrane. It protects the cell and maintains shape

44. Plant cells ONLY  Cell Wall – The structure that surrounds the cell membrane. It protects the cell and maintains shape

45. The End