1. Cell Structure & Function
Agenda:
Observe short presentation.
Partner check handout… Trade with person next to you.
Sign “Graded By…” on bottom.

2. Review Cell theory All living things are composed of cells
Cells are the basic units of structure & function in all living things
All cells come from pre-existing cells

3. Cells Types Prokaryote Eukaryote
Organisms that have DNA not bound in a nucleus
Organisms with DNA in a nucleus
Bacteria
Animals
Plants
Protists
Fungus
Very Small
10-100x larger
Very Old (3.5 BYO)
Younger in evolution (1.5 BYO)
Simple
Complex cellular organization with many organelle

4. Cell Structure & Function
There are 4 basic structures of all cells:
Cell membrane
Nucleus
Cytoplasm
Ribosomes
The vocab
term for all of the
structures found
in the cell is:
ORGANELLES

5. Ribosomes
DNA
Cytoplasm
Animal
Cell
Cell Membrane
Plant

6. 1. Cytoskeleton/Cytoplasm
The fluid interior of the cell. This is where all the organelle float around.
Contains:
2. Microtubules
3. Microfilaments
4. Intermediate fibers

7. 1. Cytoskeleton
A variety of filaments and fibers that support cell structure and drive cell movement.

8. 5. Nucleus The control & information center of the cell, houses DNA.
8. DNA/ Chromosomes
The control &
information center of the cell, houses DNA.
7.Nucleolus
6. Nuclear Envelope

9. 6. Nuclear Envelope *membranes that surround the nucleus
*contains pores which allow movement of materials in & out of nucleus

10. small region that contains RNA and proteins.
7. Nucleolus
small region that contains RNA and proteins.
Ribosomes are made here.

11. 8. DNA
Contain the genetic information that must be passed to each new generation of cells.

12. 9. Ribosomes
Protein Factories
Two Types:
10. Free
11. Bound

13. 12. Lysosome
Filled with enzymes necessary for digesting waste materials in the cell.
- The cells “clean-up crew”
- Vesicles help move stuff around the cell.

14. 13.Endoplasmic Reticulum
14. Rough ER
13.Endoplasmic Reticulum
Modifies and ship proteins
What do you notice to be the difference?
Ribosomes on rough ER
15. Smooth ER

15. 14. Rough ER Has ribosomes attached to the surface.
Makes & modifies proteins that are meant to leave the cell.

16. 15. Smooth ER Does not have ribosomes attached to the surface.
Modifies and breaks down lipids & toxins.

17. 16. Golgi Apparatus
The apparatus packages proteins & substances for storage in the cell or to be released from the cell

18. 17.Mitochondria
Outer Membrane
The “powerhouse” of the cell. Converts the chemical energy stored in food into usable compounds for the cell.
Inner
Membrane
Cristae
Matrix

19. 18. Plasma Membrane
Regulates what enters and leaves the cell. It also aids in the protection and support of the cell.
Glycoproteins
Embedded
Proteins
Phospholipid
Bilayer

20. Phospholipid Bilayer
Lipids line up based on hydrophilic and hydrophobic properties.
Hydrophilic
Hydrophobic

21. Embedded Proteins
Proteins help to move molecules across the membrane using both passive and active transport.

22. Glycoproteins
Used for cellular recognition and binding sites.

23. E.C. Centriole
What is my job?

24. 20. Vacuole
Saclike structures that store materials such as water, salts, proteins, & carbohydrates.

25. Chloroplast
Vacuole
Plant
Cell
Cell Wall

26. 19. Chloroplast Contain chlorophyll that trap the energy of sunlight
& convert
it into chemical

27. 20. Vacuole
IN PLANTS – There is a single large central vacuole filled with liquid that causes pressure making it possible for plants to grow quickly & support heavy structures like leaves and flowers
RECALL - saclike structures that store materials such as water, salts, proteins, & carbohydrates.

28. 21. Cell Wall Strong, non-living structure made of cellulose that
surrounds plants,
algae and some bacteria.
Provides protection and
support for the plant cells.
It is very porous so that
water, oxygen, carbon
dioxide and other substances
can pass through easily.

29. BACTERIAL CELL. PROKARYOTE

30. 22. Plasmid
Extra DNA the can be traded with other neighboring bacteria.
Contains information like antibiotic resistance.

31. 23. Pili A tube of proteins that allow bacteria to trade plasmids.
Docking mechanism for bacteria.

32. Not only found in bacteria, flagellum allow cells to perform locomotion.

33. 25. Peptidoglycan Capsule
A variable substance on the outside of some bacteria that allows it to form dense colonies.
Kinda like slime.

34. What is the jelly like substance that fills a cell?
Cell membrane
Cytoplasm
DNA

35. Cytoskeleton
Click to animate the image. A B C D
What is labeled here?

36. What forms lipids for cell membrane?
Ribosome
Smooth ER
Rough ER
Nucleus

37. What is filled with enzymes that break down food?
Ribosomes
Mitochondria
Lysosomes
Golgi apparatus

38. Which organelle is common to both prokaryotes and Eukaryotes?
Cell wall
Nucleus
Capsule
Lysosome

39. Think about it???
Which cellular component is common to BOTH eukaryotes and prokaryotes?
Cell wall
Nucleus
Capsule
Lysosome

40. Think about it???
Which cellular component is common to BOTH eukaryotes and prokaryotes?
Cell wall (don’t forget plant cells! Plant AND bacteria cells)
Nucleus (eukaryotes ONLY)
Capsule (prokaryotes ONLY)
Lysosome (Eukaryotes ONLY)

41. Parts of a prokaryote
Click to animate the image. B C D A E F

42. Animal cell parts
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43. What is the order?
The ER membrane pinches off to encircle the protein.
The vesicle with the protein enters one end of the Golgi apparatus.
In the nucleus, DNA instructions are copied as RNA messages.
Proteins cross the membrane of the rough ER and enter the ER.
The finished protein leaves the other end of the Golgi apparatus in a new vesicle that buds from the organelle’s surface.
The finished protein travels through the cytoplasm to the cell membrane.
The vesicle fuses with the cell membrane, releasing the protein out of the cell.
The vesicle holding the protein travels through the endoplasmic reticulum and out into the cytoplasm.
RNA messages travel to bound ribosomes, where proteins are made.
The protein is modified by enzymes.
The finished protein is repackaged, enclosed in a new vesicle.

44. organelle