Slide 1 of 40 Most numerous organisms on Earth. Slide 2 of 40 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall “ Most Wanted and Least Wanted PostersMost Wanted and Least.

of 40 Most numerous organisms on Earth

of 40 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall “ Most Wanted and Least Wanted PostersMost Wanted and Least Wanted Posters

of 40 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall BACTERIA: Most numerous organisms on Earth 1 st forms of life on Earth All are prokaryotic General Traits of all prokaryotes: Lack a nucleus and membrane bound organelles. Unicellular (separate or in a colony) Can be autotrophic or heterotrophic Are microscopic 300 side by side = printed period

of 40 Bacteri is found EVERYWHERE… fFood Air Soil On and in our body On all objects

of 40 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall 430,000 year old bacteria found in a fresh water lake in Antarctica Deep Ocean

of 40 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Some bacteria are: 1. Aerobic -requires oxygen 2. Anaerobic -lives in the absence of oxygen Example: -Clostridium botulinum -Causes botulism / food poison -found improperly canned foods, meat and shell fish

of 40 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Cell wall: -made up of Peptidoglygcan (protein/carb combo) -protects and gives shape to cell. -antibiotics inhibit bacteria from forming cell walls so future bacteria can be destroyed by your immune system Cell wall

of 40 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Cell Wall Cell membrane Cell membrane: -regulates what goes into and out of the cell -contains enzymes that aid in all cellular reactions

of 40 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Outer covering that is sticky. Allows bacteria to adhere to surfaces and prevents WBC’s from engulfing them. Cell Wall Cell membrane Capsule

of 40 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Cell Wall Cell membrane Capsule Cytoplasm Cytoplasm: -liquid solution which suspends DNA and ribosomes

of 40 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Cell Wall Cell membrane Capsule Cytoplasm Ribosomes Ribosomes: -uses DNA’s instructions to make all proteins

of 40 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Cell Wall Cell membrane Capsule Cytoplasm Ribosomes DNA DNA: -genetic material -1 loop of DNA -known as the nucleoid

of 40 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Plasmid: -found in some bacteria -small loops of DNA -code for extra but not essential traits. Ex/ antibiotic resistence Cell Wall Cell membrane Capsule Cytoplasm Ribosomes DNA Plasmid

of 40 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Cell Wall Cell membrane Capsule Cytoplasm Ribosomes DNA Plasmid Sex pili Sex pili: -short proteins which bacteria use to pick up plasmids from environment or from another bacteria cell

of 40 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Cell Wall Cell membrane Capsule Cytoplasm Ribosomes DNA Plasmid Sex pili Flagella Flagella: -1 or more long whip like tails used for movement.

of 40 Movement

of 40 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Classifying Prokaryotes E. coli, a Typical Eubacterium Cell wall Cell Membrane Ribosomes Pili DNA Flagellum Capsule

of 40 Endospores Form when a bacterium produces a thick internal wall that encloses its DNA and some of its cytoplasm during unfavorable growth conditions. Spores can remain dormant for months or years. Spores allow bacteria to survive harsh conditions. (extreme heat, lack of moisture, etc…)

of 40 Ideal Reproductive/Growth Conditions -moisture -warmth -food source -darkness Food and moisture Warm and darkness Ideal warm, dark and moist environment with plenty of food? The human body

of 40 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Bacteria can be: 1. Heterotrophic -uses other organisms as a food source.

of 40 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall 2. Saprophytic: -live off dead matter -bacteria is the #1 decomposer 3. Autotrophic: -makes their own food through photosynthesis.

of 40 Reproduction Binary fission Binary Fission Bacteria copies its DNA and divides in half, producing two identical daughter cells. Form of asexual reproduction Takes about 20 min. in bacteria.

of 40 Conjugation During conjugation, a hollow bridge made up of the sex pili forms between two bacterial cells, and genes move from one cell to the other.

of 40 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Transformation: When bacteria use their sex pili to pick up DNA from their environment.

of 40 The GOOD…….. To make medicines Oil eating bacteria To make food #1 decomposer Sewage treatment

of 40 The BAD……….. Makes us sick/causes illnesses STD’s: Gonorrhea, Syphilis Chlamydia, Botulism, Lymes Disease, Pinkeye, Tuberculosis, Pneumonia

of 40 Can they be stopped? Refrigeration Freezing Heat: canning, cooking, sterilization Dehydration Antiseptics Antibiotics

of 40 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall You go to the doctors with a sore throat……………..now what happens????

of 40 The doctor has to classify the bacteria to know how to treat it. 1. The doctor cultures/grows the bacteria.

of 40 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Identifying Prokaryotes 2. The doctor determines the shape of the bacteria. Bacilli Rod-shaped prokaryotes are called bacilli.

of 40 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Identifying Prokaryotes Spherical prokaryotes are called cocci. Cocci

of 40 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Identifying Prokaryotes Spiral and corkscrew-shaped prokaryotes are called spirilla. Spirilla

of 40 3. The doctor determines the colony formation: Strept mean grows in a long chain. Staph means grows in a cluster

of 40 Can you identify these bacteria? Steptococcus Staphococcus

of 40 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall 4. The doctor stains the bacteria. Two different types of cell walls are found in Eubacteria. A method called gram staining tells them apart.

of 40 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Gram-positive bacteria have thick cell walls with large amounts of peptidoglycan. -stains purple -produces exotoxins -released during life of bacteria Gram-negative bacteria have thinner cell walls inside an outer lipid layer. -stains pink -produces endotoxins -released after bacteria dies Each type treated with different antibiotics

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Slide 1 of 40 Most numerous organisms on Earth. Slide 2 of 40 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall “ Most Wanted and Least Wanted PostersMost Wanted and Least.

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Presentation on theme: "Slide 1 of 40 Most numerous organisms on Earth. Slide 2 of 40 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall “ Most Wanted and Least Wanted PostersMost Wanted and Least."— Presentation transcript:

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