1. MAKING SENSE OF CELLS Biology 1.1 Life Processes – Cells Image © Depositphotos.com/[julos #4371007]

2. Can you remember the processes in MRSGREN that are common to most living things? Can you recognise cell structures such as the nucleus, cytoplasm, cell membrane, cell wall, chloroplast and vacuole, and describe their functions? What are the major differences between plant and animal cells?

3. MRS GREN stands for the 7 characteristics of living things. All living organisms from a simple bacteria to plants and animals, can do all of these processes.

5. All living organisms are composed of cells. The simplest organisms are made of one single cell. More complex organisms like animals and plants are made of many cells and are called multicellular organisms. In multicellular organisms there are many different types of cells that are specialised to carry out particular functions.

7. Cell membrane Cytoplasm Nucleus Mitochondria

8. Cell membrane Cell wall Mitochondria Vacuole Cytoplasm Chloroplast Nucleus

9. Largest organelle. Controls the activities of the cell. Contains chromosomes. Chromosomes carry genes. The genes determine which proteins the cell can make. Nucleus

10. Forms a boundary between the cytoplasm and the outside of the cell. Some chemicals can pass through this barrier and the cell can control what comes in and out. It is selectively permeable.

11. Jelly like substance which contains all of the organelles. Many of the cell’s chemical reactions take place in the cytoplasm. These are called metabolic reactions. Cytoplasm

12. Carry out some of the reactions of respiration. Therefore releasing energy for the cell. Cells that have a high demand for energy usually have many mitochondria.

13. Ribosmes Protein Made here.

14. Found only in plant cells. It is made of a non-living material called cellulose. Helps the cell keep its shape. It is freely permeable. Cell wall

15. Found in some plant cells. Contains chlorophyll. Chlorophyll is a green pigment. It absorbs light energy to make food in the process of photosynthesis.

16. Found only in plant cells. Filled with cell sap. Cell sap is a store of dissolved sugars, mineral ions, and other solutes. Helps keep the cell’s shape. Vacuole