1. Activity 4 What Do Cells Do?!
SEPUP: Cell Biology

2. CHALLENGE:
What are the functions of the structures in cells?

3. Background Information
By understanding how the parts of a cell function normally, doctors and scientists can better understand what goes wrong in the cell when an infectious disease occurs and what causes the disease to progress.
Although there are different kinds of cells, there are also key similarities between them.
What are some structures that all cells have in common?
Cell membrane
Genetic material…DNA
Proteins

4. Vocabulary Alert!
Organelles- membrane bound structures that carry out specific functions within the cell

5. Part A: Computer Simulation
Visit website
Go to “What do cells do?” and click on STUDENTS and Activity Links
Scroll down to Cell Biology: World Health & find “Activity 4-What do cells do?”
As you go through the simulation…
In your notebook, draw a picture of an animal cell & a plant cell. Be sure to label everything in your picture. GET A STAMP!
Draw the functions table in your NB & fill out. GET A STAMP!
Draw your complete/correct Venn Diagram in your NB. GET A STAMP!

6. Part B: Comparing Cells
Read “Bacterial Cell Structure” on pg. 181
As you read, add to the Bacteria column in your chart. GET A STAMP!
In your NB, answer the following questions:
List the functions of bacterial cells that antibiotics interfere with.
Explain WHY antibiotics are an effective medication to fight bacterial infections.
Answer AQs 1-3 in your NB. GET A STAMP!
Psssst! Go back to your 4 Venn diagram from Activity 3. Use your understanding from the simulation and the reading to make changes & additions (IN COLOR). GET A STAMP!

7. Four Classes of Antibiotics
Antibiotics work by disrupting the structure or function of a microbe’s cell parts. For example…
Four Classes of Antibiotics
Antibiotic Class
Mode of Action in Bacterial Cells
β-lactams
Interfere with cell wall structure
Tetracyclines
Interfere with protein synthesis
Quinolones
Interfere with the copying of bacterial DNA
Sulphonamides
Interfere with the production of an enzyme needed to copy the bacterial DNA

8. Bacteria & Antibiotics
Functions of bacterial cells that antibiotics interfere with:
Cell wall structure, protein synthesis (ribosome function), copying of DNA (chromosome function), & production of enzymes.
Why are antibiotics an effective medication to fight bacterial infections?
They interfere with the organelle parts that do specific functions within the bacteria cell such as: prevent DNA reproduction, protein synthesis, & production of enzymes.

13. Function
Animal
Plant
Synthesis & modification of molecules needed by cells
Nucleus; cytoplasm; endoplasmic reticulum (ER); free ribosomes; Golgi apparatus
Same as animal cell
Storage of substances
Small vacuoles; nucleus
Large vacuole; nucleus
Transport of materials within, into, & out of cells
Cell membrane, cytoskeleton; vesicle
Support for cells
Cell membrane; cytoskeleton
Cell membrane, cytoskeleton; cell wall
Convert energy for cells
Mitochondria
Mitochondria, chloroplast
Break down (digest) cell wastes or microbes
Lysosome
Large vacuole

14. Function
Bacteria
Synthesis & modification of molecules needed by cells
Ribosomes; chromosomes
Storage of substances
cytoplasm
Transport of materials within, into, & out of cells
Cell membrane; cytoskeleton
Support for cells
Cell membrane; cytoskeleton; cell wall
Convert energy for cells
Cell membrane
Break down (digest) cell wastes or microbes

15. Animal Cell
Plant Cell
Active board

16. Analysis Questions Animal Eukaryotic cell Plant Bacteria
Label each of the following cell types as eukaryotic or prokaryotic:
Animal
Eukaryotic cell
Plant
Bacteria
Prokaryotic cell

17. Analysis Questions Continued
A. Describe the structures an animal cell must have for it to produce a protein.
DNA (within a nucleus or not), ribosomes
B. Explain how these structures work together to produce a protein.
DNA contains the instructions for how to make the protein.
The ribosomes make the protein. They can be free floating in the cytoplasm or attached to the ER.

18. More Important Vocabulary
Bacteria
Cell membrane
Cell wall
Cilium, cilia
Cytoplasm
Cytoskeleton
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER)
Eukaryotic cell
Flagellum, flagella
Golgi apparatus
Lysosome
Nucleus
Organelle
Prokaryotic cell
Ribosome
Vacuole
vesicle