2. 原核细胞真核细胞基础知识 1 录象 2 原版教材 ( 病毒的复习 )

3. 2 细胞的大小（普通细胞原版扫描） 3 动物细胞和植物细胞的比较（原版 P16 ） 4 各种细胞器的概况（原版 P16 ） 5 人体各种类型的细胞（原版 P25 ）

4. Golgi body Organelle of lipid assembly, polypeptide chain modification, and packaging of both in vesicles for export or for transport to locations in the cytoplasm. cytomembrane system [Gk. kytos, hollow vessel] Organelles, functioning as a system to modify, package, and distribute newly formed proteins and lipids. Endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi bodies, lysosomes, and a variety of vesicles are its components.

5. endoplasmic reticulum An organelle that begins at the nucleus and curves through the cytoplasm. In rough ER (with many ribosomes on its cytoplasmic side), many new polypeptide chains acquire specialized side chains. Smooth ER (with no attached ribosomes) is a site of lipid synthesis.

6. lysosome The main organelle of intracellular digestion, with enzymes that can break down nearly all polysaccharides, proteins, and nucleic acids, and some lipids.

7. peroxisome Enzyme-filled vesicle in which fatty acids and amino acids are digested first into hydrogen peroxide (which is toxic), then to harmless products. vesicle [L. vesicula, little bladder] Within the cytoplasm of cells, one of a variety of small membrane-bound sacs that function in the transport, storage, or digestion of substances or in some other activity.

15. The secondary structure is the tendency of the polypeptide to coil or pleat due to H-bonding between R-groups. The tertiary structure is controlled by bonding (or in some cases repulsion) between R- groups. Many proteins, such as hemoglobin, are formed from one or more polypeptides. Such structure is termed quaternary structure. Structural proteins, such as collagen, have regular repeated primary structures. Like the structural carbohydrates, the components determine the final shape and ultimately function. Collagens have a variety of functions in living things, such as the tendons, hide, and corneas of a cow. Keratin is another structural protein. It is found in fingernails, feathers, hair, and rhinoceros horns. Microtubules, important in cell division and structures of flagella and cilia (among other things), are composed of globular structural proteins.secondary structuretertiary structurehemoglobin quaternary structure

25. . Exocytosis is the term applied when transport is out of the cell.Exocytosis. Note the vesicle on the left, and how it fuses with the cell membrane on the right, expelling the vesicle's contents to the outside of the cell.

29. Lily Parenchyma Cell (cross-section) (TEM x7,210). Note the large nucleus and nucleolus in the center of the cell, mitochondria and plastids in the cytoplasm. This image is copyright

33. Liver Cell (TEM x9,400). This image is copyright Dennis Kunkel This image is copyright

35. Liver cell nucleus and nucleolus (TEM x20,740). Cytoplasm, mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, and ribosomes also shown.

36. Nucleus with Nuclear Pores (TEM x73,200). The cytoplasm also contains numerous ribosomes

37. Ribosomes and Polyribosomes - liver cell (TEM x173,400).

38. Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum with Ribosomes (TEM x61,560).

39. Golgi Apparatus in a plant parenchyma cell from Sauromatum guttatum (TEM x145,700). Note the numerous vesicles near the Golgi

41. Muscle Cell Mitochondrion (TEM x190,920).

46. Human Red Blood Cells, Platelets and T-lymphocyte (erythocytes = red; platelets = yellow; T-lymphocyte = light green) (SEM x 9,900).

48. Heart Muscle Cell (nucleus, mitochondria, actin-myosin) (TEM x15,400).

49. Pyramidal Neurons from the Central Nervous System (SEM x3,960