1. Chapter 1.2 Microscopes allow us to see inside the cell
Chp 1.2 pg 18
Chapter 1.2 Microscopes allow us to see inside the cell
BEFORE, you learned
NOW, you will learn
Some organisms are unicellular, and some are multicellular
A microscope is necessary to study most cells
The cell theory describes the cell as the fundamental unit of life
About different types of microscopes
About prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells
How plant and animal cells are similar and different

2. 17,000 bacteria cells lined up would fit across a dime
Chp 1.2 pg 18
Think About
17,000 bacteria cells lined up would fit across a dime
How small are cells?
MICROMETER (1µm) =
1,000,000
of a meter

3. The Microscope is an Important Tool
Chp 1.2 pg 18-19
The Microscope is an Important Tool
Mixed Bacteria
as seen under a light
microscope
In light microscopes, LENSES bend
the LIGHT to make objects appear
BIGGER than they are.
Modern Light
Microscopes can magnify objects
up to 1000x! …

4. The Microscope is an Important Tool
Chp 1.2 pg 18-19
The Microscope is an Important Tool
Cell samples are
treated with dyes
to make structures
in the cells easier
to see.

5. The Microscope is an Important Tool
Chp 1.2 pg 19
The Microscope is an Important Tool
Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM)
Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM)
Can produce images
as small as
µm (micrometers)
In both SEM and TEM, tiny particles called ELECTRONS, not LIGHT are
used to produce images.

6. The Microscope is an Important Tool
Chp 1.2 pg 19
The Microscope is an Important Tool
SEM & TEM
Light Microscope
Electrons, not light
used to produce
images
Light used to
produce images
Used to observe
Microbes that can not be seen with
just your eyes
Used to see the
Details
of the parts of cells
Used to see some
Parts of the cells
CANNOT be used
to study LIVE cells
Allow scientists to
study Living
Cells

7. Chp 1.2 pg 19
Looking at Organisms with a SEM:
1) Cell samples must be coated in a heavy metal.
2) The electrons bounce of the coating and are read by a detector.
3) The detector produces a 3-D image of the surface.

8. Chp 1.2 pg 19
Looking at Organisms with a TEM:
1) Sample must be sliced extremely thin.
2) Electrons pass through a thin section.
3) Images appear 2-D

9. Cells are Diverse Cell Membrane: Cytoplasm: Chp 1.2 pg 20
Encloses the inside
of each cell and
protects it.
Genetic Material:
Allows the cell to
reproduce.
Cytoplasm:
Gelatin-like
material inside
the cell
membrane

10. Chp 1.2 pg 20
Cells are Diverse
Genetic Information
PROKARYOTIC CELLS: Genetic Information is located in the
Cytoplasm

11. Cells are Diverse Chp 1.2 pg 20 Genetic Information
EUKARYOTIC CELLS: Genetic Information is separated from the cytoplasm by a membrane.
The ORGANELLE that contains
most of the genetic material
is called the NUCLEUS

12. Plants and Animals Have Eukaryotic Cells
Chp 1.2 pg 21
Plants and Animals Have Eukaryotic Cells
Nucleus
Usually the largest organelle in the cell. Stores the instructions a cell needs to function.

13. Plants and Animals Have Eukaryotic Cells
Chp 1.2 pg 21
Plants and Animals Have Eukaryotic Cells
Plants have Cell Walls
A tough outer covering that lies just outside the cell membrane.
Protects and supports cell.

14. Structures that Process Information (Plants & Animals)
Chp 1.2 pg 23
Structures that Process Information (Plants & Animals)
Ribosomes: Use information
to build important proteins

15. Organelles that Provide Energy (Plants)
Chp 1.2 pg 23
Organelles that Provide Energy (Plants)
Chloroplast: Energy from sunlight is used to make sugars.

16. Organelles that Provide Energy (Plants & Animals)
Chp 1.2 pg 23
Organelles that Provide Energy (Plants & Animals)
Mitochondria: Organelles
that use oxygen to get energy
from processing food.

17. Organelles that Process and Transport (Plants & Animals)
Chp 1.2 pg 23-24
Organelles that Process and Transport (Plants & Animals)
Golgi Apparatus: Takes materials made by the Endoplasmic Reticulum and finishes processing them.
Endoplasmic Reticulum: Makes parts of cell membrane and transports materials

18. Organelles for Storage, Recycling, and Waste
Chp 1.2 pg 24
Organelles for Storage, Recycling, and Waste
Plant Cells: Vacuoles
Animal Cells: Lysosomes
vacuole