1. Anatomy Lab 1 DONE BY:Atiqa Dahalan ATYAF GROUP (2007) أطياف بتضلها أطياف

2. DISCLAIMER 1. The content of this slides may vary from what you discuss from your lab. 2. The pictures may or may not be the same as what you see in lab because some of them are obtained from the internet. 3. The best reference will still be your notes and books.

3. Red blood corpuscles  Circular  Pallor in the center [light area]  Reddish periphery [because you have good amount of Hb]  Invisible pallor due to overlapping of RBCs  We won’t see nucleus in RBCs of peripheral blood film.

4. Lymphocytes  Circular, no indentation of nucleus  Condensed chromatin  Circular nucleus  We don’t know if there is granule from blood film.  We may have large, intermediate and small lymphocytes.

5. Lymphocyte [cont’d]  Large lymphocytes have larger cytoplasm  We can’t differentiate between B lymphocytes, T lymphocytes and NK cells.  Lymphocytes = rim of cytoplasm + circular nucleus.

6. Neutrophils  Characters of neutrophils in order of priority 1. Segmented nucleus 2. 2 types of granules in cytoplasm [azurophilic & specific] 3. Blue cytoplasm [granules stained blue]

7. Sickle cell RBCs  They have plasma membrane and Hb  Instead of HbA they have Hb S  These cells become less flexible  Blocked in narrow capillaries

8.  Sickle cell RBC  Thick in center, thin in periphery  Even if you tilt a normal RBC you will not see it like this  Normal RBC (rear view)  To prove this, take a doughnout and take a look at it.  Normal RBC (x-section)  Thin in center, thick at periphery.

9. Basophils  characteristics of basophils: 1. Circular dark granules 2. Lobes of nucleus  Granules cause vision of nucleus unobvious  Try outlining the nucleus with a pencil – YOU CANT!

10. Basophils [T.E.M]  Looks like mast cells  Common characteristics : histamine  Note the shape of the granules

11. Eosinophils  Characteristics 1. Red granules 2. Bilobed 3. Circular  p/s: you can still outline the nucleus

12. Eosinophil Granules  Crystalline dark center  Lighten periphery  In the exam if you see this, you don’t need the nucleus to say this is EOSINOPHIL.

13. NEUTROPHIL GRANULES  Here we can see two types of granules  This cell is screaming  “I AM A NEUTROPHIL”

14. More RBCs !!!  Sometimes, we see small pallor not because of defect but the RBC is tiltted!  See this dot.  It is a ribosome [refer to erythropoiesis]. This ribosome makes globin, and near maturity this RBC is left with few ribosome  it is normal because we can have up to 1- 2% of reticulocytes.

15. Blood platelets  Clump of platelets  Their size are much smaller than RBCs  They are dark in center and lighter in periphery due to presence of granules  p/s: note those stacking RBCs

16. Platelets [Cont’d]  Granules are usually in the center  We have canalicular system in platelets. It is like a sponge; empty spaces here and there.  This is for a very efficient physiology of secreting platelets factors.  Sometimes we can hardly see granules in platelets because they had secreted the granules’ content.

17. Platelets [cont’d]  Activated platelets send arms

18. Colony Forming Unit - RBC  Size : getting smaller  Nucleus : smaller & denser  Cytoplasm : lesser  In prerythroblast nucleolus is visible.  How do we know it it RBC CFC?  Change of cell color to more red. Other colony doesn’t have change in color.

20. 1. Proerythroblast 1. Largest 2. Large nucleus and not condensed 3. Bluish cytoplasm [ increasing basophilic material ribosome 4. Pro : before; erythro : RBC; blast : having some features 2. Basophilic normoblast 1. Nucleus much more condensed 2. Cytoplasm becomes more blue 3. Polychromatic normoblast – very obvious change in color 4. Orthochromatic normoblast 1. Near to normal 2. Almost mostly Hb, while ribosomes getting smaller 3. Small nucleus 5. Reticulocyte 6. Erythrocyte