1. Rival City-States: Sparta vs. Athens

2. However, they were both very different.
Athens and Sparta were probably the two most famous and powerful city states in Ancient Greece.
However, they were both very different.

3. Sparta
“Come back with your shield or on it”

5. Development Located on the Peloponnesus Peninsula
Conquered neighboring region & took over land
Created militaristic society

6. Spartan Society 3 social groups
Citizens: descended from the invaders, controlled Sparta (only 5%)
Perioci: free men, paid taxes & served in the army but had no political power
Helots: slaves, greatly outnumbered the other groups; Spartans used force to control them

7. Government
Founded on the principle that the life of EVERY INDIVIDUAL belonged to the state

8. Government Militaristic Oligarchy Two kings led Sparta
1 king handled military
1 king took care of domestic matters

9. Government Council of Elders 28 male citizens over the age of 60
Proposed laws & served as a criminal court
Assembly
Included all male citizens over age of 30; voted on laws

10. Military Society
Life revolved around army (no need for walls! Army will defend!)
All men aspired to become soldiers
Newborn infants were examined
Healthy = lived
Sickly = left to die on hillside

11. Education/Training Primary purpose was to produce soldiers!
Military training began at age 7 for boys
Became soldiers at age
Served until age 60

12. Education/Training Trained to read, write & use weapons
Taught to steal, but not get caught
Harsh training: no shoes, sometimes no clothing

13. Spartan Women Life’s ambition was to be a soldier’s mother
Women were expected to be healthy & strong so that they could bear strong children
Trained in gymnastics, wrestling & boxing

14. Spartan Women
Although they were respected in Spartan society, women COULD NOT participate in government

15. Impact of Military Society
Exceptional athletes, competed well in the Olympics, & defended Greece against invaders
BUT…

16. Impact of Military Society
…discouraged trade & shunned philosophy, science, literature, & the arts
No individual freedom
Little economic growth

17. Athens

18. Development Located on the Attica Peninsula (north of Sparta)
Descended from the Mycenaeans

19. Social Class Citizens: All free men born in Athens (50%) Metics:
Born outside Athens
No land, but paid taxes
Slaves: Captured in war, considered property

20. Government

21. Government Assembly: Passed laws & decided public issues
ALL free men over the age of 18 could participate
It was considered their public duty

22. Government Council of 500 Drafted & proposed laws
Oversaw meetings of the assembly
Members chosen by lottery once a year

23. Government Ostracism:
If a politician’s name appeared on 6,000 ostraca they would be EXILED!!!

24. Education/Training Only boys were given an education
Entered school at 7; graduated at 18
Studied arithmetic, drawing, music, gymnastics, rhetoric, literature (Iliad & Odyssey), etc.
Boys would train for future jobs after school
They entered the military after graduation & then went onto careers such as businessmen or Olympic athletes

25. Education/Training At age 18 men served in the military for 2 years
Ephebic Oath:
Pledge of loyalty to Athens & to good citizenship

26. Athenian Women
No formal education; learned household duties from mother
Married between 13-15
Primary purpose was to have children

27. Athenian Women Wore clothes to depict their status in society
No legal rights
Could not participate in government, or go to the market or the Olympics
Wore clothes to depict their status in society
Most important job for all women is having children
Wealthy women would manage house & slaves
Peasant women would manage house & work in field
Women not allowed to go to market or Olympics

28. Athenian Legacy Democracy, philosophy, architecture, drama, art…
Wore clothes to depict their status in society
Most important job for all women is having children
Wealthy women would manage house & slaves
Peasant women would manage house & work in field
Women not allowed to go to market or Olympics