1. Political Rise of Islam
SSWH5 a. Explain the origins of Islam and the growth of the Islamic Empire
c. Explain the reason for the Shia and Sunni split

2. Arabian Peninsula Semitic speaking people of the Middle East
Nomads who moved regularly to find water and food
Settled in the Arabian peninsula
desert land
lack of rivers and lakes

3. Arabian Peninsula

4. Conquering of Mecca
630 Muhammad conquers Mecca declares the Ka’bah a holy shrine.
He removes the tribal idols, but keeps the Black Stone.
Muhammad becomes the religious and political leader .

5. Beliefs of Islam
Islam is a monotheistic religion based on the belief in one God.
Muslims believe:
God is all-powerful and compassionate.
People are responsible for their own actions.
Priests are not needed to mediate between man and God.
Abraham, Moses, and Jesus are seen as prophets, but Muhammad is the last and greatest prophet.

7. Appeal of Islam to People of Arabia
Gave them a form of monotheism that belonged to no single tribe and transcended clan and class divisions.
Provided an ethical system that healed many of the deep social rifts between the clans of Arabian society
Promoted a moral code and obligation for the wealthy and strong to protect and aid the poor and weak.
Was translated into a body of Islamic law that held followers accountable for their lives on earth and determined their fate in eternity.

8. Spread of Islam- Muhammad dies in 632 A.D.
Left no clear successor or heir
The position of Caliph (Muslim leader) is established
Abu Bakr (1st Caliph) – close friend/ 1st to convert outside of family
Sought to protect and spread Islam (Persia & Byzantine Empire)
Weakness of adversaries, unity of faith, contribute to Arab conquest

9. Divisions of Islam Rival groups begin competing for the Caliphate
The 4th Caliph (Ali) was assassinated
Ali’s rival, Mu’awiyah,
begins the Umayyad dynasty as the new caliph
Capital is moved from Medina to Damascus

10. Umayyad
The moving of the capital makes the empire easier to control but upset Arab Muslims.
They were more concerned with wealth and power than religion.

11. Divisions of Islam Sunni/Shiites
The view on the role of the rulern leads to a major split
Sunnis
Believed the caliph was primarily a leader and any devout Muslim could serve in the office with the acceptance of the people
90% of Muslims today are Sunnis
Shias
Believed the caliph was primarily a religious authority and should be held only by the descendants of Muhammad
10% of Muslims today are Shiites (most are in Iran, Iraq, & Lebanon)

12. The Abbasids
In order to consolidate power the capital is moved to Bagdad.
They have a strong bureaucracy.
Trade leads to a large amount of wealth in the empire.
They also had heavy taxes in order to support the large government.

13. Quick check
On your post-it note, describe how the Shia and Sunni split occurred in less than 20 words.

14. SSWH5d- Identify the impact of Muslim scholars
Muslim Culture
SSWH5d- Identify the impact of Muslim scholars

15. Architecture Architecture
Buildings commonly centered around a patio area
Minarets – towers in which faithful received call to prayer
Mosques – Muslims place of worship
Greek Literature
Poetic works
- Arabian Nights

16. Taj Mahal

17. Science First stage – preservation of classical learning
Greek logic, particularly Aristotle
Improvement, clarification, correction and new theories
Mathematics
a. algebra, geometry, and trigonometry refined
Science
a. Navigation
- Astrolabe improved
- Cartographers most
detailed maps in the world
b. Astronomy

18. Astrolabe

19. Ibn Sinna He writes the Canon on Medicine
Made many contributions to the field of medicine
He writes the Canon on Medicine
This is an encyclopedia which combined his knowledge with that of the Greeks and Arabs about the diagnosing and treating of diseases