1. Warm-Up
What do you consider to be the greatest invention in history? Why?

2. Chapter 11 The Industrial Revolution

3. Industrial Revolution
Industrial Revolution – factory machines replaced hand tools, and large-scale manufacturing replaced farming.
Inventions of machines made it possible for unskilled workers to produce items quickly.
Changed the way goods were produced
Cottage Industry – making things at home prior to industrialization

4. Samuel Slater
Samuel Slater – sailed to the United States from Britain and brought the idea of machines for making thread and cloth

5. Factory system – brought people and machines together under one roof
Factories
Factory system – brought people and machines together under one roof
People left farms and crowded into cities where factories were.
Factories needed a source of power = water

6. New England states
The New England states became a good place to set up factories - WHY??
Factories needed water for power – New England had many fast moving rivers
Transporting goods – easy access to the ocean for ships
No farming – people here were looking for jobs and willing to work

7. Children work Many workers in factories were women and children
Children could often produce more cloth, more quickly
Children as young as 7 were common workers

8. Women work
Lowell Mills – textile mills in village of Lowell Massachusetts
Machines spun raw cotton into yarn
Mills employed farm girls – Lowell girls
Girls lived in boarding houses & worked hour days

9. Lowell Girls

10. Eli Whitney
Interchangeable parts - Eli Whitney invented machine-made parts that were exactly alike
This sped up production
& made repairs easier
Cheaper for factories to
produce goods
1798 – demonstrated to
Congress

12. Assembly Line Production
Possible because of advances in technology
interchangeable parts
steam powered machinery
Worker didn’t have to know how to build a product from start to finish
good for unskilled workers
jobs for immigrants

13. Transportation
Robert Fulton – invented a steamboat that could move against the current or wind
The Clermont could carry passengers much easier on water – moved people and goods very quickly
More efficient method of transporting goods and people

14. Steamboat

15. Telegraph
Samuel Morse – invented a telegraph that would send pulses of electricity down a wire
Morse code
Telegraph lines spanned the country making communication quicker & easier

16. Farming inventions
John Deere – invented a lightweight steel plow that made preparing soil much less work

17. Farming Inventions
Cyrus McCormick – invented a reaper which cut through grain
New technology in farming allowed for more food quicker and cheaper
HOW? The grain cut by this reaper fell on a platform, from which it was raked by a person walking beside the machine

18. This will lead to the need for more slaves to pick more cotton
The Cotton Gin
Eli Whitney – invented the cotton gin – a machine for cleaning cotton
One worker (slave) could clean as much as 50 pounds of cotton a day in comparison to 1 pound by hand
This will lead to the need for more slaves to pick more cotton

19. Cotton Gin

20. Farming Inventions
Agriculture/Farming Inventions

21. The Cotton Boom The cotton gin changed southern life:
Caused cotton farmers to move westward – to Alabama, Mississippi & Louisiana
More Native Americans driven off land – as southern farming moved
More slaves needed – to pick more cotton as it was cleaned faster

22. Slavery
Cotton Kingdom – became the nickname of the South because of all the cotton plantations
8% of African Americans in South were free – 92% were slaves

23. Slavery Most famous slave rebellion was led by Nat Turner
Turner and 70 followers killed 55 white men, women & children
Turner was caught and he was tried and hanged
Caused whites fear in the South – harsh laws were passed for slaves

24. Nationalism 1800’s NORTH – factories and industry
SOUTH – plantations with cotton
Nationalism – a feeling of pride & joy in your country
This feeling of nationalism began to spread after the War of 1812

25. Roads & Canals U.S. needed better transportation systems
Erie Canal – created a water route between New York City and the Great Lakes
Unified 2 sections of the country
Trade & goods flow throughout the U.S.

26. Erie Canal

27. Transportation
Erie Canal helped New York city to become nation’s largest city
1830’s – nation began to use steam-powered trains to move goods & people

28. 5th President James Monroe became the 5th president in 1816
Era of Good Feelings bitter political disputes appeared to have ended
Increased nationalism & patriotism
Everyone seemed to be getting along

29. Sectionalism
Sectionalism – loyalty to the interests of your own region of the country, rather than the nation
NORTH – industry & factories
SOUTH – farming, agriculture & plantations
The country began to divide because of differences in jobs, industry & people

30. Sectionalism

31. Missouri Compromise
For months the nation argued whether to admit Missouri as a slave state or a free state
WHY? People wanted an equal number of free states & slaves states in Congress so one could not out-vote the other
Missouri Compromise – Missouri would be admitted as a slave state, Maine would be admitted as a free state

32. 13 Free States...13 Slave States
Missouri Compromise
13 Free States...13 Slave States

33. Monroe Doctrine
Some Latin American countries gained their independence from Spain
Monroe did not want Europe colonizing or interferring with the U.S. or Latin America
Monroe Doctrine – U.S. would not interfere with European nations or their colonies but they must leave Latin America alone.

34. Monroe Doctrine
Monroe agreed with Washington’s Farewell Address – stay out of foreign affairs