Facilities Planning - Unit 10

Facilities Planning - Unit 10
Material Handling Equipment

Hierarchy of Facility Planning
Structural Design Facility Location Facility Design Handling System Design Layout Design Source for Figure: Tompkins and White, Facilities Planning, 2nd edition, Wiley Material Handling Equipment - 2

Components of Material Handling
The Materials – products, items, substances and/or people which are being moved, transported, or physically relocated. The Move – (origin, travel path, destination, frequency) to be made. The Method – (equipment, people, procedures, physical facilities) to be used to make the move Material Handling Equation Material Handling Equipment - 3

Principles of Material Handling
The Principles of material Handling serve as a starting point to identifying potential problems and assessing need. They are: 1. Planning 2. Standardization 3. Work 4. Ergonomic 5. Unit Load 6. Space Utilization 7. System 8. Automation 9. Environment 10. Life Cycle Cost Material Handling Equipment - 4

Cost Reduction Formula
Ask For Every So We Can Why? Operation Eliminate Who? Transportation Combine What? Inspection Change Sequence Where? Storage Simplify When? Delay How? Material Handling Equipment - 5

Material Handling Taxonomy Source: College-Industry Council on Material Handling Education (CICMHE)
Material Handling Equipment - 6

Material Handling Equipment
Material handling equipment (MHE) is used for the movement and storage of material within a facility or at a site. MHE can be classified into the following five major categories: Transport Equipment: Equipment used to move material from one location to another (e.g., between workplaces, between a loading dock and a storage area, etc.). The major subcategories of transport equipment are conveyors , cranes, and industrial trucks. Material can also be transported manually using no equipment. Material Handling Equipment - 7

Positioning Equipment. Equipment used to handle material at a single location so that it is in the correct position for subsequent handling, machining, transport, or storage. Unlike transport equipment, positioning equipment is usually used for handling at a single workplace. Material can also be positioned manually using no equipment. Unit Load Formation Equipment. Equipment used to restrict materials so that they maintain their integrity when handled as a single load during transport and for storage. If materials are self-restraining (e.g., a single part or interlocking parts), then they can be formed into a unit load with no equipment. Material Handling Equipment - 8

Storage Equipment. Equipment used for holding or buffering materials over a period of time. Some storage equipment may include the transport of materials (e.g., the S/R machines of an AS/RS, or storage carousels). If materials are block stacked directly on the floor, then no storage equipment is required. Identification and Control Equipment. Equipment used to collect and communicate the information that is used to coordinate the flow of materials within a facility and between a facility and its suppliers and customers. The identification of materials and associated control can be performed manually with no specialized equipment. Material Handling Equipment - 9

Material Handling Equipment Transport Equipment
The major subcategories of transport equipment are: Conveyors. Equipment used to move materials over a fixed path between specific points. Cranes. Equipment used to move materials over variable paths within a restricted area. Industrial Trucks. Equipment used to move materials over variable paths, with no restrictions on the area covered by the movement (i.e., unrestricted area). No Equipment. Material can also be transported manually using no equipment. Material Handling Equipment - 10

Material Handling Equipment Transport Equipment

Material Handling Equipment Transport Equipment - Conveyors
Conveyors are used: When material is to be moved frequently between specific points To move materials over a fixed path When there is a sufficient flow volume to justify the fixed conveyor investment Conveyors can be classified in different ways: Type of product being handled: unit load or bulk load Location of the conveyor: overhead, on-floor, or in-floor Whether or not loads can accumulate on the conveyor Material Handling Equipment - 12

Chute conveyor Wheel conveyor Roller conveyor Gravity roller conveyor Live (powered) roller conveyor Chain conveyor Slat conveyor Flat belt conveyor Magnetic belt conveyor Troughed belt conveyor Bucket conveyor Vibrating conveyor Screw conveyor Pneumatic conveyor Dilute-phase pneumatic conveyor Carrier-system pneumatic conveyor Vertical conveyor Vertical lift conveyor Reciprocating vertical conveyor Cart-on-track conveyor Tow conveyor Trolley conveyor Power-and-free conveyor Monorail Sortation conveyor Diverter Pop-up device Sliding shoe device Tilting device Cross-belt transfer device Material Handling Equipment - 13

Chute Conveyor Wheel Conveyor Material Handling Equipment - 14

Gravity Roller Conveyor Chain Conveyor Live (Powered) Roller Conveyor Material Handling Equipment - 15

Slat Conveyor Flat Belt Conveyor Magnetic Belt Conveyor Material Handling Equipment - 16

Bucket Conveyor Troughed Belt Conveyor Vibrating Conveyor Material Handling Equipment - 17

Screw Conveyor Carrier-System Pneumatic Conveyor Dilute-Phase Pneumatic Conveyor Material Handling Equipment - 18

Reciprocating Vertical Conveyor Cart-On-Track Conveyor Vertical Lift Conveyor Material Handling Equipment - 19

Trolley Conveyor Tow Conveyor Material Handling Equipment - 20

Power-and-Free Conveyor Monorail Material Handling Equipment - 21

Sortation Conveyor Sortation Conveyor: Diverter Material Handling Equipment - 22

Sortation Conveyor: Pop-Up Device Sortation Conveyor: Sliding Shoe Sorter Material Handling Equipment - 23

Sortation Conveyor: Tilting Device Sortation Conveyor: Cross-Belt Transfer Device Material Handling Equipment - 24

Material Handling Equipment Transport Equipment - Cranes
General characteristics of cranes: Used to move loads over variable (horizontal and vertical) paths within a restricted area Used when there is insufficient (or intermittent) flow volume such that the use of a conveyor cannot be justified Provide more flexibility in movement than conveyors Provide less flexibility in movement than industrial trucks Loads handled are more varied with respect to their shape and weight than those handled by a conveyor Most cranes utilize hoists for vertical movement, although manipulators can be used if precise positioning of the load is required Material Handling Equipment - 25

Cranes are used to move materials over variable paths within a restricted area. The major types of cranes are: Jib crane Bridge crane Gantry crane Stacker crane Material Handling Equipment - 26

Jib Crane Stacker Crane Bridge Crane Material Handling Equipment - 27

Gantry Crane Material Handling Equipment - 28

Material Handling Equipment Transport Equipment – Industrial Trucks
Used to move materials over variable (horizontal) paths with no restrictions on the area covered (i.e., unrestricted area) Provide vertical movement if the truck has lifting capabilities Used when there is insufficient (or intermittent) flow volume such that the use of a conveyor cannot be justified Provide more flexibility in movement than conveyors and cranes Not licensed to travel on public roads—"commercial trucks" are licensed to travel on public roads Material Handling Equipment - 29

Hand truck Two-wheeled hand truck Dolly Floor hand truck Pallet jack Manual pallet jack Powered pallet jack Walkie stacker Manual walkie stacker Powered walkie stacker Pallet truck Platform truck Walkie platform truck Rider platform truck Counterbalanced lift truck Sit-down counterbalanced lift truck Stand-up counterbalanced lift truck Narrow-aisle straddle truck Narrow-aisle reach truck Turret truck Operator-down turret truck Operator-up turret truck Order picker Sideloader Tractor-trailer Personnel and burden carrier Automatic guided vehicle (AGV) Tow AGV Unit load AGV Assembly AGV Light load AGV Fork AGV Material Handling Equipment - 30

Two-Wheeled Hand Truck Floor Hand Truck Material Handling Equipment - 31

Manual Pallet Jack Manual Walkie Stacker Powered Pallet Jack Powered Walkie Stacker Material Handling Equipment - 32

Narrow-Aisle (NA) Straddle Truck Sit-Down Counterbalanced Lift Truck Narrow-Aisle (NA) Reach Truck Operator-Down Turret Truck Material Handling Equipment - 33

Tow AGV Unit Load AGV Assembly AGV Material Handling Equipment - 34

Material Handling Equipment Powered Industrial Trucks
The powered industrial trucks are used for moving either mixed or uniform loads intermittently over various paths. While these paths can be somewhat random at the discretion of the driver, the paths are restricted to suitable indoor or outdoor surfaces. These trucks are used for moving either mixed or uniform loads intermittently over various paths. While these paths can be somewhat random at the discretion of the driver, the paths are restricted to suitable indoor or outdoor surfaces. Material Handling Equipment - 35

Industrial trucks provide not only a means of transporting materials, but also provide a means of accurate lifting and stacking. Appropriate tooling for the truck permits users to lift not only pallets, but a wide array of specialized loads. For example, rolls of carpet are easily moved via industrial truck by replacing standard forks with a single tube. Material Handling Equipment - 36

Slides are supplemental to already published CICMHE Material Handling Taxonomy. These slides are created using literature from the Industrial Truck Association and the document, “An Introduction to Material Handling Equipment Selection1” edited by Brett A. Peters. Powered industrial trucks can be found in almost any manufacturing plant, loading dock, or warehouses. Powered industrial trucks are made by a variety of manufacturers for diverse purposes, including some highly specialized applications. Internal combustion trucks add the advantage of outdoor use. They can lift 2,000 to 15,000 pounds with some specialty trucks lifting up to 50 tons. They can lift up to 20 feet in height and can operate on gasoline, LP-gas, or diesel fuel. Material Handling Equipment - 37

The Industrial Truck Association (ITA) has classified the powered trucks into seven classes which are: Class 1 – Electric Motor Rider Trucks Class 2 – Electric Motor Narrow Aisle Trucks Class 3 – Electric Motor Hand Truck Class 4 – Internal Combustion Engine Trucks – Cushion Tires Only Class 5 –Internal Combustion Engine Trucks – Pneumatic Tires Only Class 6 –Electric and Internal Combustion Engine Tow Tractors Class 7 – Rough Terrain Fork Lift Trucks Each of the classes are divided into “lift codes.” See the ITA Pictorial Model Listing. Material Handling Equipment - 38

The first five classes are the most common. Detailed information is available through the ITA. Electric Motor Rider Trucks are general purpose trucks and are used primarily indoors. These trucks can lift up to 6 tons and up to 18 feet in height. Electric Motor Narrow Aisle Trucks are used in narrow aisle applications. These trucks are used primarily for storage/retrieval in applications similar to AS/RS functions. They can easily lift loads from 2,000 to 4,500 pounds to heights of 40 feet. Material Handling Equipment - 39

Electric Motor Hand Trucks are generally used for indoor applications and can handle loads up to 4 tons. These trucks are perfect for situations in which material is to be moved from one location to another without the need for lifting more than a few inches. For example, this type of truck is commonly used in grocery stores to move pallet loads of cans or boxes to a display location within the store. An added convenience is that the operator can move among customers in the store safely and without obstructed views. Material Handling Equipment - 40

Internal Combustion Trucks add the advantage of outdoor use. They can lift 2,000 to 15,000 pounds with some specialty trucks lifting up to 50 tons. They can lift up to 20 feet in height and can operate on gasoline, LP-gas, or diesel fuel. Internal combustion trucks add the advantage of outdoor use. They can lift 2,000 to 15,000 pounds with some specialty trucks lifting up to 50 tons. They can lift up to 20 feet in height and can operate on gasoline, LP-gas, or diesel fuel. Material Handling Equipment - 41

Class 1 – Electric Motor Rider Trucks
Material Handling Equipment Powered Industrial Trucks - ITA Classification Class 1 – Electric Motor Rider Trucks Lift Code 1 Counterbalanced Rider Type, Stand Up Lift Code 4 Three Wheel Electric Trucks, Sit-Down Lift Code 5 Counterbalanced Rider Type, Cushion Tires, Sit-Down (Includes High & Low Platform) Lift Code 6 Counterbalanced Rider, Pneumatic Type Tire, Sit-Down (Includes High & Low Platform) Material Handling Equipment - 42

Class 2 – Electric Motor Narrow Aisle Trucks
Material Handling Equipment Powered Industrial Trucks - ITA Classification Class 2 – Electric Motor Narrow Aisle Trucks Lift Code 1 High Lift Straddle Lift Code 2 Order Picker Lift Code 3 Reach Type Outrigger Lift Code 4 Side Loaders, Turret Trucks, Swing Mast and Convertible Turret/Stock Pickers Lift Code 6 Low Lift Pallet and Platform (Rider) Material Handling Equipment - 43

Class 3 – Electric Motor Hand Truck
Material Handling Equipment Powered Industrial Trucks - ITA Classification Class 3 – Electric Motor Hand Truck Lift Code 1 Low Lift Platform Lift Code 2 Low Lift Walkie Pallet Lift Code 3 Tractors (Draw Bar Pull Under 999 Lbs.) Lift Code 4 Low Lift Walkie/Center Control Lift Code 5 Reach Type Outrigger Lift Code 6 High Lift Straddle Lift Code 7 High Lift Counterbalanced Lift Code 8 Low Lift Walkie/Rider Pallet Material Handling Equipment - 44

Material Handling Equipment Powered Industrial Trucks - ITA Classification
Class 4 – Internal Combustion Engine Trucks – Cushion Tires Only Lift Code 3 Fork, Counterbalanced (Cushion Tire) Class 5 –Internal Combustion Engine Trucks – Pneumatic Tires Only Lift Code 4 Fork, Counterbalanced (Pneumatic Tire) Class 6 –Electric and Internal Combustion Engine Tow Tractors Lift Code 1 Sit-Down Rider (Draw Bar Pull Over 999 Lbs.) Class 7 – Rough Terrain Fork Lift Trucks Lift Code 1 All Rough Terrain Lift Trucks Material Handling Equipment - 45

Material Handling Equipment Powered Industrial Trucks - ITA Pictorial Model Listing
Class I - Electric Motor Rider Trucks (Lift Code 1) Class I - Electric Motor Rider Trucks (Lift Code 4) Class I - Electric Motor Rider Trucks (Lift Code 5) Class I - Electric Motor Rider Trucks (Lift Code 6) Class II - Electric Motor Narrow Aisle Trucks (Lift Code 1) Class II - Electric Motor Narrow Aisle Trucks (Lift Code 2) Material Handling Equipment - 46

Class II - Electric Motor Narrow Aisle Trucks (Lift Code 3) Class II - Electric Motor Narrow Aisle Trucks (Lift Code 4) Class II - Electric Motor Narrow Aisle Trucks (Lift Code 4) Class II - Electric Motor Narrow Aisle Trucks (Lift Code 4) Class II - Electric Motor Narrow Aisle Trucks (Lift Code 6) Class II - Electric Motor Narrow Aisle Trucks (Lift Code 6) Material Handling Equipment - 47

Class III - Electric Motor Hand Trucks (Lift Code 1) Class III - Electric Motor Hand Trucks (Lift Code 2) Class III - Electric Motor Hand Trucks (Lift Code 3) Class III - Electric Motor Hand Trucks (Lift Code 4) Class III - Electric Motor Hand Trucks (Lift Code 5) Class III - Electric Motor Hand Trucks (Lift Code 6) Material Handling Equipment - 48

Class III - Electric Motor Hand Trucks (Lift Code 6) Class III - Electric Motor Hand Trucks (Lift Code 6) Class III - Electric Motor Hand Trucks (Lift Code 7) Class V – Internal Combustion Engine Trucks-Pneumatic Tires Only (Lift Code 4) Class III - Electric Motor Hand Trucks (Lift Code 8) Class IV – Internal Combustion Engine Trucks (Lift Code 3) Material Handling Equipment - 49

Class VI – Electric and Internal Combustion Engine Tractors (Lift Code 1) Class VII – Rough Terrain Forklift Trucks (Lift Code 1) Class VII – Rough Terrain Forklift Trucks (Lift Code 1) For additional information on industrial truck classification, visit the Industrial Truck Association web site at: Material Handling Equipment - 50

Material Handling Equipment Positioning Equipment
Positioning equipment is used to handle material at a single location so that the material is in the correct position for subsequent handling, machining, transport, or storage. Unlike transport equipment, positioning equipment is usually used for handling at a single workplace. Material can also be positioned manually using no equipment. Material Handling Equipment - 51

As compared to manual handling, the use of positioning equipment can provide the following benefits [Modern Materials Handling, Sept. 1993]: raise the productivity of each worker when the frequency of handling is high, improve product quality and limit damage to materials and equipment when the item handled is heavy or awkward to hold and damage is likely through human error or inattention, and reduce fatigue and injuries when the environment is hazardous or inaccessible. Material Handling Equipment - 52

Manual (no equipment) Lift/tilt/turn table Dock leveler Ball transfer table Rotary index table Parts feeder Air film device Hoist Balancer Manipulator Rigid-link manipulator Articulated jib crane manipulator Vacuum manipulator Industrial robot Material Handling Equipment - 53

Lift/Tilt/Turn Table Rotary Index Table Dock Leveler Material Handling Equipment - 54

Rigid-Link Manipulator Parts Feeder Air Film Device Material Handling Equipment - 55

Industrial Robot Articulated Jib Crane Manipulator Vacuum Manipulator Material Handling Equipment - 56

Material Handling Equipment Unit Load Formation Equipment
Unit load formation equipment used to restrict materials so that they maintain their integrity when handled a single load during transport and for storage. Advantages of unit loads: More items can be handled at the same time, thereby reducing the number of trips required and, potentially, reducing handling costs, loading and unloading times, and product damage. Enables the use of standardized material handling equipment. Disadvantages of unit loads: Time spent forming and breaking down the unit load. Cost of containers/pallets and other load restraining materials used in the unit load Empty containers/pallets may need to be returned to their point of origin. Material Handling Equipment - 57

Self-restraining (no equipment) Pallets Skids Slipsheets Tote pans Pallet boxes/skid boxes Bins/baskets/racks Cartons Bags Bulk load containers Crates Intermodal containers Strapping/tape/glue Shrink-wrap/stretch-wrap Palletizers Manual palletizing Robotic pick and place palletizers Conventional stripper plate palletizers Material Handling Equipment - 58

Slip Sheets Tote Pans Pallets Material Handling Equipment - 59

Pallet Boxes/Skid Boxes Intermodal Containers Material Handling Equipment - 60

Manual Palletizing Robotic Pick and Place Palletizers Shrink-Wrap/Stretch-Wrap Material Handling Equipment - 61

Material Handling Equipment Storage Equipment
Storage equipment used for holding or buffering materials over a period of time. The most common reason for storing a product allows the other elements of production to operate more efficiently on a per-unit basis because the fixed costs associated with utilizing the element can be spread over more products; e.g., storing up to a truckload of product in a facility reduces the per-unit costs of shipping; and buffering or storage of WIP enables batch production which reduces the per-unit setup costs. Material Handling Equipment - 62

Other potential reasons for storage include: time bridging—allows product to be available when it is needed (e.g., storing spare machine parts at the facility); processing—for some products (e.g., wine), storage can be considered as a processing operation because the product undergoes a required change during storage; and securing—e.g., nuclear waste storage. Material Handling Equipment - 63

Block stacking (no equipment) Selective pallet rack Drive-through rack Drive-in rack Flow-through rack Push-back rack Sliding rack Cantilever rack Stacking frame Shelves/bins/drawers Storage carousel Automatic storage/retrieval systems (AS/RS) Unit load AS/RS Mini load AS/RS Man-on-board AS/RS Deep-lane AS/RS Split case order picking system Mezzanine Material Handling Equipment - 64

Drive-Through Rack Selective Pallet Rack Material Handling Equipment - 65

Drive-In Rack Flow-Through Rack Material Handling Equipment - 66

Sliding Rack Push-Back Rack Material Handling Equipment - 67

Shelves / Bins / Drawers Storage Carousel Material Handling Equipment - 68

Mini-load AS/RS Unit Load AS/RS Material Handling Equipment - 69

Man-On-Board AS/RS Split-Case Order Picking System Material Handling Equipment - 70

Material Handling Equipment Identification and Control Equipment
Identification and control equipment is used to collect and communicate the information that is used to coordinate the flow of materials within a facility and between a facility and its suppliers and customers. Manual (no equipment) Bar codes Radio frequency (RF) tag Magnetic stripe Machine vision Portable data terminal Electronic data interchange (EDI)/Internet Material Handling Equipment - 71

Manual (No Equipment) The identification of materials and associated communication can be performed manually with no specialized equipment Although it is sometimes possible to manually coordinate the operation of a material handling system, it becomes more difficult to do so as the speed, size, and complexity of the system increases Material Handling Equipment - 72

Bar Codes Unique bar/space patterns represent various alphanumeric characters Bar code system consists of bar code label, bar code scanner, and bar code printer Contact bar code scanners use pen or wand to read labels Non-contact bar code scanners include fixed beam, moving beam, and omni-directional 1-D codes are most common; 2-D codes enable much greater data storage capability Material Handling Equipment - 73

Radio Frequency (RF) Tag Data encoded on chip encased in a tag Non-contact: can be read when the tag is within 30 ft. of an antenna Tags can either be attached to a container, or permanently or temporarily to an item RF tags have greater data storage capability than bar codes Material Handling Equipment - 74

Magnetic Stripe Data encoded on a magnetic stripe that is readable in almost any environment Requires contact with a reader Greater storage capability and more expensive than bar codes Material Handling Equipment - 75

Machine Vision Does not require explicit encoding of data since objects can be identified by their physical appearance Non-contact, but typically requires structured lighting More flexible than other identification equipment, but less robust Material Handling Equipment - 76

Portable Data Terminal Handheld, arm-mounted, or vehicle-mounted data storage and communication device Communicates with a host computer via a radio frequency or infrared link Variety of input devices available: keyboard, bar code scanner, voice headset Material Handling Equipment - 77

Electronic Data Interchange (EDI)/Internet Electronic data interchange (EDI) provides standards for inter-corporate transfer of purchase orders, invoices, shipping notices, and other frequently used business documents Prior to the Internet, EDI required expensive dedicated value added networks (VANs) EDI is critical for implementing JIT manufacturing Material Handling Equipment - 78

Deciding on a Picking Medium in Picking Operations As part of warehousing operations and specifically in picking operations, identification of the parts and their locations can have an impact on the picking speed. The following are the most commonly used mechanisms for communicating picks to order pickers: Label Picking Pick to Light Radio Frequency Barcode Picking Voice Picking Material Handling Equipment - 79

For complete information and more details about the Material Handling Equipment visit: This web site is made available through support of The College-Industry Council on Material Handling Education (CICMHE) The College-Industry Council on Material Handling Education (CICMHE) is an independent organization which prepares and provides information, teaching materials and various events in support of material handling education and research. Founded in 1952, the Council is composed of college and university educators, material handling equipment manufacturers, distributors, users and consultants, representatives of the business press, and professional staff members of organizations concerned with material handling education. Material Handling Equipment - 80

Material Handling Equipment Equipment Selection Criteria
Material Characteristics Category Measures Physical state Size Weight Shape Condition Safety risk and risk of damage Solid, liquid, or gas Volume; length, width, height Weight per piece, weight per unit volume Long and flat, round, square, etc. Hot, cold, wet, etc. Explosive, flammable, toxic; fragile, etc. Material Handling Equipment - 81

Manual handling Hand trucks Powered trucks Unit load AGV Conveyors AGV train High Low Long Short Move Distance Quantity of Material moved Flow Rate Material Handling Equipment - 82

Flow Rate Quantity Distance Method Low Short Manual, Hand Truck Long Power Trucks, Unit AGV High Conveyor Conveyor, Vehicle Train Material Handling Equipment - 83

Layout Type Layout Type Characteristics Typical Material Handling Equipment Fixed Position Large product size, low production rate Cranes, hoists, industrial trucks Process Variation in product and processing, low and medium production rates Hand trucks, forklift trucks, AGVs Product Limited product variety, high production rate Conveyors for product flow, trucks to deliver components to stations. Material Handling Equipment - 84

Material Handling Equipment Safety and Ergonomics
Scientific research shows an increase in injuries at certain levels of exposure to heavy, frequent and awkward lifting (Washington State Department of Labor and Industries, Job design is very important in creating a safe and healthy work environment and the selection of proper material handling devices can help with reducing some of the material handling related injuries. Material Handling Equipment - 85

Material Handling Equipment Safety and Ergonomics – Job Design
Paying special attention to: Heavy lifting Frequent lifting Awkward lifting Scientific research shows an increase in injuries at certain levels of exposure to heavy, frequent and awkward lifting. The next few slides show examples of these three types of lifting. Emphasize that, as they look at the example tasks, they need to keep in mind that they may not need to make changes to those jobs. This is just the pre-screening part of the process, where they decide if a job may have a potential problem. Material Handling Equipment - 86

Material Handling Equipment Safety and Ergonomics – Job Design
WISHA Lifting Calculator Other tools: ACGIH Lifting TLV NIOSH Lifting Equation Department of Energy’s “ErgoEaser” Source: Washington State Department of Labor and Industries. Describe the options available for analyzing lifting jobs: The Lifting Calculator was developed by L&I, and is what the class will practice job analysis with, but it isn’t the only option they have for analyzing lifting jobs. The NIOSH Lifting Equation (1991) is one of the most commonly used tools for analyzing lifting jobs. In fact, the Lifting Calculator is based on it. The NIOSH equation requires more precision than the Lifting Calculator, and is a little more complicated to use. The ErgoEaser program is a free download from the Department of Energy’s web site. It’s based on the NIOSH Lifting Equation, but is meant to be a more ‘user-friendly’ version. The ISO standard is the most recent. Part 1 of the standard covers Lifting and Carrying tasks. It has a five-step process for determining if lifting and carrying tasks create hazards, using criteria similar to the NIOSH Lifting Equation. Most of these analysis tools are based on the criteria that NIOSH used to revise their Lifting Equation in They looked at studies on biomechanics, physiology and psychophysiology, as well as epidemiology and combined the results of these studies to set limits on lifting that are designed to protect 90% of the workforce from injury. Material Handling Equipment - 87

Principles for reducing heavy lifting
Material Handling Equipment Safety and Ergonomics – Job Design Principles for reducing heavy lifting Reduce the weight Increase the weight Use mechanical assistance Slide instead of lift Team lifting List of principles to reduce heavy lifting. Each of the following slides will illustrate these principles. To involve the audience, you can ask them to suggest ways that they might solve the problem before showing the solution examples. Material Handling Equipment - 88

Principles for reducing frequent lifting
Material Handling Equipment Safety and Ergonomics – Job Design Principles for reducing frequent lifting Use mechanical assistance Avoid unnecessary lifting Use mobile storage List of principles to reduce frequent lifting (reducing duration of lifting will also be discussed later) Material Handling Equipment - 89

Principles for reducing awkward lifting - reaching
Material Handling Equipment Safety and Ergonomics – Job Design Principles for reducing awkward lifting - reaching Remove obstacles Slide closer Reduce shelf depth Reduce package size Use mechanical assistance Team lifting List of principles to reduce awkward lifting – reaching Along with object weight, lifting frequency and duration, the distance between the hands and the low back when lifting is one of the main factors in determining whether a lift is a hazard or not. The longer the reach required to lift an object, the more of a load it places on the low back and the greater the risk of injury. Material Handling Equipment - 90

Principles for reducing awkward lifting - bending
Material Handling Equipment Safety and Ergonomics – Job Design Principles for reducing awkward lifting - bending Use mechanical assistance to raise the load Add handles Arrange storage Avoid unnecessary lifting List of principles to reduce awkward lifting – bending. Material Handling Equipment - 91

Principles for reducing awkward lifting – reaching above shoulders
Material Handling Equipment Safety and Ergonomics – Job Design Principles for reducing awkward lifting – reaching above shoulders Arrange storage Use mechanical assistance Use a rolling stair or “safety ladder” List of principles to reduce awkward lifting – reaching above the shoulders Material Handling Equipment - 92

Principles for reducing awkward lifting – twisting
Material Handling Equipment Safety and Ergonomics – Job Design Principles for reducing awkward lifting – twisting Use conveyors Provide more space Arrange storage Principles for reducing duration of lifting Rotate to other jobs Use mechanical assistance List of principles to reduce awkward lifting - twisting Material Handling Equipment - 93

Material Handling Equipment Safety and Ergonomics
Visit the Occupational Safety & Health Administration web site at Specifically, visit the OSHA Directorate of Training and Education (DTE) section. DTE’s “Training Resources” section of the site offers references and resources for many safety related topics including material handling safety. Material Handling Equipment - 94

Material Handling Equipment Safety – ??

Facilities Planning - Unit 10

Similar presentations

Presentation on theme: "Facilities Planning - Unit 10"— Presentation transcript:

Similar presentations

About project

Feedback

Log in

Auth with social network:

Facilities Planning - Unit 10

Similar presentations

Presentation on theme: "Facilities Planning - Unit 10"— Presentation transcript:

Similar presentations

About project

Feedback