1. OBIOL 4142 ORNITHOLOGY LAB PRACTICE QUIZZES Lab 2 For each species: The first photo is one in which everything is covered except for a couple of key features. You should be able to ID the species just from this view. The second photo reveals the entire bird. Now, you definitely should be able to identify the species. The third photo adds the English name so that you know if … oops I mean … can confirm that you got the ID correct.

4. Whooping Crane; Gruidae; Gruiformes If you could see the bill close up, the way you can in lab, you would be able to see that the nostrils are open holes (“perforate” is the technical term), unlike anything in Ardeidae or Threskiornithida e

7. Wilson’s Snipe; Scolopacidae; Charadriiformes Conspicuous head and back stripes; extremely long bill; strongly banded sides and flanks

10. Ruddy Turnstone; Scolopacidae; Charadriiformes Woodpecker-shaped or wedge- shaped bill, sharply pointed; messy, dark blotches on breast

13. Willet; Scolopacidae; Charadriiformes White patch near the base of the blackish primaries; overall gray plumage

16. Peregrine Falcon; Falconidae; Falconiformes Dark “sideburn” mark in face. Note, by the way, that you can even see the bony tubercule in the nostril that clinches this as Falconidae

19. Virginia Rail; Rallidae; Gruiformes More extensively gray face and darker throat and breast than King or Clapper rails

22. American Golden Plover; Charadriidae; Charadriiformes Conspicuous pale superciliary and browner plumage tones (vs. Black-bellied). If you could see its rump, how would it differ from Black-bellied? Note that the short bill, slightly swollen at tip, makes it a plover.

25. Sanderling; Scolopacidae; Charadriiformes Almost completely white below and in face; black legs; pale gray above

28. Semipalmated Plover; Charadriidae; Charadriiformes Two-toned plover bill distinguished this from everything but Piping, which has a much paler face and crown.

31. Osprey; Pandionidae; Accipitriformes Nothing else has that white crown and dark face

34. American Avocet; Recurvirostridae; Charadriiformes

37. Sandhill Crane; Gruidae; Gruiformes

40. American Woodcock; Scolopacidae; Charadriiformes Stripes on crown perpendicular to body axis; short legs, rufous belly. Note, by the way, the big eyes = nocturnal

43. Red-tailed Hawk; Accipitridae; Accipitriformes That bright orange- brown tail with narrow brownish band at tip is diagnostic.

46. Wilson’s Phalarope; Scolopacidae; Charadriiformes Unique head pattern

49. Purple Gallinule; Rallidae; Gruiformes All you really have to see is the blue- green wings and white undertail coverts

52. Slightly decurved bill, black legs, dark across breast (too much coloration on breast for Western Sandpiper) Dunlin; Scolopacidae; Charadriiformes

55. Snowy Plover; Charadriidae; Charadriiformes All black, thin bill; incomplete breast band; very pale. Compare to Sanderling

58. Sora; Rallidae; Gruiformes Distinctive face pattern; bill shape like a gallinule or coot

61. Broad-winged Hawk; Accipitridae; Accipitriformes Two visible broad, white tail bands; no red on upperwing coverts

64. Pectoral Sandpiper; Scolopacidae; Charadriiformes Bill with pale base; legs pale; conspicuous streaks across breast. Least Sandpiper similarly marked but bill all-dark

67. Piping Plover; Charadriidae; Charadriiformes Compare to similarly patterned Semipalmated Plover and note how much paler the face is.

70. Red-shouldered Hawk; Accipitridae; Accipitriformes White bands on blackish tail; reddish tones in shoulder area

73. Bald Eagle; Accipitridae; Accipitriformes Any other birds with all-white tails and big feet?

76. Cooper’s Hawk; Accipitridae; Accipitriformes Tail has alternating dark grayish and paler grayish bands; outer rectrix shorter than inner rectrices, giving slightly rounded look to tail tip Also note plain face; irregular reddish brown banding on underparts; long tail with

79. Northern Harrier; Accipitridae; Accipitriformes White uppertail coverts on tail with dull banding is diagnostic. Beware that rest of plumage highly variable due to age and sex differences

82. King Rail; Rallidae; Gruiformes Note reddish chestnut upperwing coverts; more reddish on breast than Clapper Rail. Face not as strongly marked as Virginia.

85. Black-necked Stilt; Recurvirostridae; Charadriiformes

88. American Coot; Rallidae; Gruiformes Only species with mostly pale bill rising high on forehead

91. Bill will always show some remaining color (compared to whitish American Coot). Also note plumage differences. Common Gallinule; Rallidae; Gruiformes

94. Sharp-shinned Hawk; Accipitridae; Accipitriformes Very similar to Cooper’s Hawk, but outer rectrix as long as inner rectrices, giving square look to tail tip

97. Black-bellied Plover; Charadriidae; Charadriiformes Plover bill; no breast bands; white rump distinguishes it from American Golden Plover (as does blackish axillars) Very similar to Cooper’s Hawk, but outer rectrix as long as inner rectrices, giving square look to tail tip

100. Two breast bands … Killdeer; Charadriidae; Charadriiformes

103. Marbled Godwit; Scolopacidae; Charadriiformes Long, slightly upturned, two-toned bill

106. Note olive tones in upper wing coverts and back – lacks reddish brown shades of King Rail; also less reddish on breast. Clapper Rail; Rallidae; Gruiformes

108. Lesser Yellowlegs & Greater Yellowlegs; Scolopacidae; Charadriiformes Both have long, yellow legs (which will retain some pale color in specimens) and thin bills. The best way to tell them in the hand is by absolute bill length, i.e. always under 2 inches in Lesser.