1. What are the different types of Asexual Reproduction?
Aim:
What are the different types of Asexual Reproduction?
Do Now:
Explain the process of cloning.
How is an organism cloned?

2. Now we have a diploid ova (zygote) Rapid mitosis will occur!!
Remove the haploid nucleus from an ova & the diploid nucleus from a somatic cell
Insert the diploid nucleus into the donor ova
Now we have a diploid ova (zygote)
Rapid mitosis will occur!!

3. What is the difference between offspring and the parent in cloning?
In asexual reproduction, offspring are genetically identical to the parent. In sexual reproduction, the offspring is a mix of mom and dad traits.

4. What are the phases of cell division?

5. Phases of Cell Division:
Interphase
Prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase
Cytokinesis

6. A way to remember this order….
I Pray More At The Church

7. Terms for Chromosome #’s in Cells
Monoploid or Haploid (n)
a single set of chromosomes, 1 gene per trait
only found in eggs and sperms (gametes)
in humans: n = 23

8. Diploid (2n)
two sets of chromosomes (one from each parent)
2 genes per trait
Chromosomes exist in pairs which carry genes for same traits
Members of same pair are called “homologous ”
in humans: 2n = 46 chromosomes

9. •Gene: one section of a DNA strand that codes for one trait.
Chromosome: tightly wound form of DNA that contains the information about an organism’s traits.
•Gene: one section of a DNA strand that codes for one trait.

10. What is the difference between a sister chromatid and a homologous chromosomes?

11. Sister chromatids: two identical copies of a chromatid.
Centromere: where sister chromatids are held together and spindle fibers attach.

12. Homologous chromosomes:
2 different copies of the same chromosome that diploid organisms (like humans) inherit, one from each parent.

14. Each set is a pair of homologous chromosomes.

15. A single cell formed by union of egg and sperm.
What is a zygote?
a.k.a. a “Fertilize Egg”
A single cell formed by union of egg and sperm.

16. There are 6 Different Types of
Asexual Reproduction

17. Binary Fission
Budding
Sporulation
Regeneration
Rhizomes
Tubers

18. 1. Binary Fission Organism splits into two equal halves
Most common method of reproduction in unicellular organisms (BACTERIA)

19. Examples:
Bacteria, ameba, paramecium…

20. UNEQUAL DIVISION of CYTOPLASM
Offspring grows from a “bud” from a larger parent
“Bud” eventually breaks off and live independently
UNEQUAL DIVISION of CYTOPLASM
occurs in: yeast, hydra (small animal) and many plants
2. Budding
A little "Buddy"

21. What is the difference between
Budding
and
Binary Fission?

22. Binary Fission divides evenly
Budding divides unevenly
Binary Fission divides evenly

23. 3. Sporulation
The formation of spores
Spores are released in large numbers and are carried by wind or water.
They can survive under suitable conditions that kill off parent.
moisture, temperature, and food availability.
Produced by many plants and fungi
Spores live in a dormant stage (resting) and can germinate even after years of dormancy.

24. What is a spore?
A spore is a reproductive structure, some of which are adapted for dispersal and surviving for extended periods of time in unfavorable conditions.

25. Examples of Sporulation:
Bread, mushrooms, mold

26. Dormant = Resting
Germination is the process by which plants, fungus and bacteria emerge from seeds and spores, and begin growth

27. 4. Regeneration ability to replace missing body parts
occurs in all organisms to some degree
- can only produce new organisms in simpler species

28. Examples: Starfish, lizards, lobsters, planaria (flatworm)

29. 5. Rhizomes underground stems produced by plants
- As these stems grow through the soil, they produce more roots which develop into plants

31. Different Looks of Rhizomes:

32. 6. Tubers - Enlarged part of underground stem that store food
- Modified rhizomes
- Start out as a bud or eye on potatoes
Develop into root and
then adult

33. Examples: potato, carrots
There’s the tuber!

34. Sexual Reproduction?

35. Sexual Reproduction:
The joining of chromosomes from a sperm cell and an egg cell.
The process combines the genetic material of two organisms (Male and Female) to create a new organism.

36. Sexual Reproduction Cycle

37. Function of Mitosis is to:
- Repair
- Grow
- Reproduce cells
Function of Meiosis is:
- Sexual Reproduction

38. Gametes (sex cells) are haploid cells produced by meiosis.
The fertilization of these male and female haploid gamete cells are needed for sexual reproduction.
Meiosis is the cell division necessary for sexual reproduction.

39. Every organism has it’s own different number of diploid chromosomes:
Humans = 46
Chimpanzee = 48
Adder’s tongue fern = 1262
Dog = 78
Horse = 64
Cat = 32