1. CLASSIFICATION REVIEW
Chapter 18

2. Bacteria, Archaea, Eukarya
Name the 3 domains
Bacteria, Archaea, Eukarya
Organisms are divided into the
3 DOMAINS based on the kind of
________________ they have.
Ribosomal RNA

3. Name this diagram used to show evolutionary relationships
between organisms
cladogram
Image from:

4. Eubacteria, Archaebacteria, Protista, Fungi, Plantae, Animalia
Name the 6 Kingdoms
Eubacteria, Archaebacteria, Protista,
Fungi, Plantae, Animalia
Which kingdoms belong in the DOMAIN EUKARYA?
Protista, Fungi, Animalia, Plantae

5. Protista ______________ _______________
Name the KINGDOM for each of these:
Protista
______________
_______________
Animalia
Plantae
Archaebacteria

6. Fungi ______________ _______________
Name the Kingdom for each of these:
Fungi
______________
_______________
Eubacteria
Animalia

7. Bacteria that “like” living in HOT environments like volcano vents
thermophiles
Group or level of organization into
which organisms are classified
TAXON

8. Bacteria that “like” living in very SALTY environments
halophiles
Classification system in which each
species is assigned a two-part
scientific name
Binomial nomenclature

9. The evolutionary history of an organism phylogeny
Diagram that shows evolutionary relationship based on comparing
derived characters
cladogram

10. Characteristics that appear in recent parts of a lineage but not in its older members
Derived characters
The science of classifying organisms and
assigning each organism a unique
universally accepted scientific name
taxonomy

11. Large taxonomic group made up of closely related phyla; top level in Linnaeus’s classification hierarchy
Kingdom
Method of grouping organisms
together according to their
evolutionary history
Evolutionary classification

12. Group of closely related classes
Phylum (pl. phyla)
Model that uses DNA comparisons to
estimate the length of time that two
species have been evolving
independently
Molecular clock

13. Group of similar orders
CLASS
Most inclusive taxonomic category
based on ribosomal RNA;
larger than a kingdom
DOMAIN

14. Group of similar families
ORDER
Swedish botanist who came up with
a classification system that groups
organisms in a 7 level hierarchy and
gives each a 2 part scientific name
Carolus Linnaeus

15. Group of genera (plural of genus) that share many characteristics
FAMILY
Greek philosopher and teacher that
came up with the first classification
system that separated organisms into
2 groups … plants or animals
Aristotle

16. genus The first part of a 2 part scientific name
Polysaccharide molecule used in
plant cell walls to make them sturdy
cellulose

17. The second part of a two part scientific name
Species identifier
Hereditary information found in
all living things
DNA

18. Kingdom that includes all multicellular
Kingdom that includes all prokaryotes with peptidoglycan in their cell walls
Eubacteria
Kingdom that includes all multicellular
eukaryotic heterotrophs with no cell
walls or chloroplasts
Animalia

19. Kingdom that includes multicellular
Kingdom with includes heterotrophic eukaryotes with chitin in their cell walls
Fungi
Kingdom that includes multicellular
eukaryotes that have chloroplasts for
photosynthesis and have cell walls
made of cellulose
Plantae

20. Kingdom that includes prokaryotes without peptidoglycan in their cell walls
Archaebacteria
Kingdom composed of eukaryotes that
are not classified as plants, animals, or fungi;
Some have cell walls made of cellulose
and chloroplasts
Protista

21. The scientific name for red maple is
Acer rubrum. To which species does it belong?
rubrum
Silly phrase that will help you to remember the 7 hierarchy levels in Linnaeus’s classification system.
Kids prefer cheese over fried green spinach.
Kings play chess on fat green stools.

22. NAME the 7 taxonomic levels in Linnaeus’s hierarchy in order starting with the largest
_________________
Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species

23. Name the two kingdoms that resulted from this split
Name the original Kingdom in the 5-Kingdom system that was split into 2 separate bacterial kingdoms
MONERA
Name the two kingdoms that
resulted from this split
Eubacteria & Archaebacteria

24. The scientific name for red maple is
Acer rubrum. To which genus does it belong?
Acer
The correct way to write the scientific name for lion is ________
Panthera leo panthera leo Panthera Leo Panthera leo
Panthera leo or Panthera leo
1st name capitalized, second name lower case,
Underlined or in italics

25. Name the 6 Kingdoms used to classify organisms today
Archaebacteria, Eubacteria, Protista, Fungi,
Plantae, Animalia
The correct scientific name for humans
is _______ ________
Homo sapiens (OR Homo sapiens)

26. Name the two languages used
by scientists when coming up with a scientific name
Greek & Latin
Suppose you discover a new single-celled organism. It has a nucleus, mitochondria, and chloroplasts. Into which Kingdom would you place it?
PROTISTA unicellular, eukaryote, with chloroplasts

27. Which of the following is true? TRUE TRUE
Roaches and mantids share a more recent common
ancestor than do roaches and termites.
ancestor than do termites and mantids.
Termites, roaches, and mantids share a common ancestor.
TRUE
TRUE
TRUE

28. Both snakes and worms are
tube-shaped with no legs.
How could you determine if their similarity in shape means that they share a recent common ancestor?
Examine internal structures to see if similar;
Compare DNA to look for similarities

29. What must you know about a
prokaryote to know which domain it belongs in?
Does its cell wall have peptidoglycan?
Give an example of an organism
in the fungi kingdom.
Mushrooms, yeast, mold

30. Eukarya ______________ _______________
Name the DOMAIN for each of these:
Eukarya
______________
_______________
Eukarya
Eukarya
Archaea

31. Eukarya ______________ _______________
Name the DOMAIN for each of these:
Eukarya
______________
_______________
Bacteria
Eukarya

32. Polymer made of sugars and amino acids
found outside the cell membrane in
eubacteria = ___________________
PEPTIDOGLYCAN

33. Cladistics Molecule found in the cell walls of
Classification system that groups
organisms and shows evolutionary
relationships based on shared “derived characters” ______________________
Cladistics
Molecule found in the cell walls of
FUNGI that makes them different from plants
chitin

34. Give an example of an organism in the Archaebacteria kingdom.
Halophiles, thermophiles,
A cell with a nucleus
eukaryote

35. Organisms are grouped into DOMAINS based on _________________.
Ribosomal RNA
Organisms in the Archaebacteria kingdom belong
in the ______________ domain.
Archaea

36. Organism that can make its own food using photosynthesis or chemosynthesis
autotroph
Cell with out a nucleus
prokaryote

37. Which gene is shared by both yeast and humans and suggests a
Would a barnacle’s DNA be more
like the DNA of a crab or a limpet?
CRAB- barnacles look like limpets
But share many more characteristics
with crustaceans including their DNA
Which gene is shared by both
yeast and humans and suggests a
common ancestor?
Myosin – muscle protein

38. EUBACTERIA ______________ _______________
Name the KINGDOM for each of these:
EUBACTERIA
Includes PROKARYOTES with peptidoglycan in their
cell walls
Includes HETEROTROPHIC EUKARYOTES with CHITIN
in their cell walls
Includes HETEROTROPHIC EUKARYOTES without chloroplasts or cell walls
______________
_______________
FUNGI
ANIMALIA

39. ______________ _______________ Name the KINGDOM for each of these:
Includes PROKARYOTES WITHOUT peptidoglycan in
their cell walls
Includes AUTOTROPHIC EUKARYOTES with chloroplasts
& cellulose in their cell walls
Includes EUKARYOTES
(some with chloroplasts and cellulose
In their cell walls) that aren’t plants, animals,
or fungi
ARCHAEBACTERIA
______________
_______________
PLANTAE
PROTISTA

40. Which DOMAIN includes all the living things whose cell have a nucleus?
Eukarya
Which kingdom includes the most diverse group
of organisms because it contains any eukaryotes
that don’t fit in the fungi, animal, or plant kingdoms?
Protista

41. Which two species are more closely related?
Look at the diagram above comparing DNA sequences. The colored segments show differences in DNA
Which two species are more closely related?
B and C; these have fewer differences than A and C OR A and B
Image from: Biology by Miller and Levine; Prentice Hall Publishing©2006

42. myosin They both urinate on their legs to cool off
Name the gene found on both humans and yeast that suggest these two organisms have a common ancestor.
myosin
What unique characteristic shared by
American vultures and storks caused scientists
to examine their DNA for relatedness?
They both urinate on their legs to cool off

43. Which DOMAIN includes all the living things whose cells have a nucleus?
Eukarya
Which kingdom includes the most diverse group
of organisms because it contains any eukaryotes
that don’t fit in the fungi, animal, or plant kingdoms?
Protista

44. THE END