1. TITD: 1/26 and 1/27
On your “What is Cladistics?” paper make sure you have answered all 8 questions and used CUBS on all paragraphs. We will be going over your answers in 10 minutes. C ircle – will be done as a class U nderline – important facts and information B ox – vocabulary S tar – questions

2. TITD: 1/26 and 1/27
1. What is CLADISTICS?

3. TITD: 1/26 and 1/27
2. Differentiate between primitive and derived characteristics

4. TITD: 1/26 and 1/27
3. Define the following terms; plesiomorphic symplesimorphic apomorphic autapomorphic synapomorphic sister group (clade)

5. TITD: 1/26 and 1/27
4. What does a note represent?

6. TITD: 1/26 and 1/27
5. Explain the difference between monophyletic, paraphyletic, and poyphyletic groupings.

7. TITD: 1/26 and 1/27
6. Why are reptiles a paraphyletic group?

8. TITD: 1/26 and 1/27
7. Why does convergent evolution complicate cladistics analysis?

9. TITD: 1/26 and 1/27
8. What is the principle of parsimony?

10. Chapter NOTES
You have 2 minutes to collect your notebook from the front of the class room.

11. KEY CONCEPT Modern classification is based on evolutionary relationships.

12. Cladistics is classification based on common ancestry.
Phylogeny is the evolutionary history for a group of species.
evidence from living species, fossil record, and molecular data
shown with branching tree diagrams

13. Cladistics is a common method to make evolutionary trees.
classification based on common ancestry
species placed in order that they descended from common ancestor

14. A cladogram is an evolutionary tree made using cladistics.
A clade is a group of species that shares a common ancestor.
Each species in a clade shares some traits with the ancestor.
Each species in a clade has traits that have changed.

15. basis of arranging species in cladogram
Derived characters are traits shared in different degrees by clade members.
FOUR LIMBS WITH DIGITS
Tetrapoda clade 1
Amniota clade 2
Reptilia clade 3
Diapsida clade 4
Archosauria clade 5
EMBRYO PROTECTED BY AMNIOTIC FLUID
OPENING IN THE SIDE OF THE SKULL
SKULL OPENINGS IN FRONT OF THE EYE & IN THE JAW
FEATHERS & TOOTHLESS BEAKS.
SKULL OPENINGS BEHIND THE EYE
DERIVED CHARACTER
basis of arranging species in cladogram
more closely related species share more derived characters
represented on cladogram as hash marks

16. Nodes represent the most recent common ancestor of a clade.
FOUR LIMBS WITH DIGITS
CLADE
Tetrapoda clade 1
Amniota clade 2
Reptilia clade 3
Diapsida clade 4
Archosauria clade 5
Clades can be identified by snipping a branch under a node.
FEATHERS AND TOOTHLESS BEAKS.
SKULL OPENINGS IN FRONT OF THE EYE AND IN THE JAW
OPENING IN THE SIDE OF THE SKULL
SKULL OPENINGS BEHIND THE EYE
EMBRYO PROTECTED BY AMNIOTIC FLUID
DERIVED CHARACTER
NODE

17. Molecular evidence reveals species’ relatedness.
Molecular data may confirm classification based on physical similarities.
Molecular data may lead scientists to propose a new classification.
DNA is usually given the last word by scientists.

18. PRACTICE
Get out a sheet of notebook paper Title is CLADISTICS PRACTICE Do NOT forget your Name, the date, and class period

19. PRACTICE Lancelet 1 1 1 1 1 TAXA Salamander Leopard Lancelet Lamprey
CHARACTERS
TAXA
Lancelet
Lamprey
Tuna
Salamander
Turtle
Leopard
Hair
Amniotic (shelled) egg
Four Walking legs
Hinged jaws
Vertebral column (backbone)
Lancelet 1 1 1 1 1

20. YOUR TURN
Using the character traits and animals below create your data chart, Venn diagram and Cladogram on the back of your practice paper due at the end of class.
Lamprey
Shark
Salamander
Lizard
Tiger
Gorilla
Human
Bipedal
No tail
Hair
Amniotic membrane
Lungs
Jaws