2. Evidence of Evolution

3. Fossil Record 1.Shows that ancient species are similar to current ones 2.Show some species have remained unchanged for millions of years 3.Darwin predicted the existence of fossil intermediates between species

4. Fossil Record

5. Similarities in Structure 1.Homologous Structures a. Similar features that originated in a shared ancestor Ex. arm and wing

6. Similarities in Structure 2.Analogous Structures a. Structure that serves the same function in 2 species, but is NOT derived from a common ancestor b. Examples 1. birds’ and insects’ wings 2. walking limbs of insects & vertebrates 3. cranium of vertebrates & exoskeletal head shield of insects

7. Analogous Structures

8. Similarities in Structure 3.Vestigial structures a. Apparently useless feature that was useful to an ancestor Ex. snakes w/pelvic & hind limb bones

9. Comparative Embryology 1.Vertebrate embryos exhibit homologous structures during certain phases of development but become totally different structures in the adult forms 2.Example: many vertebrates embryos look virtually the same early on during development

10. Comparative Embryology

11. Comparative Biochemistry 1.Many different organisms share very similar complex metabolic molecules 2.The more closely related the species are, a greater # of amino acid sequences are shared

12. Biogeography 1.Evolution is closely linked 2/climate & geological forces such as plate tectonics 2.Explains ancestral relationships & geographic distribution seen in fossils & living organisms

13. Adaptations A.Fitness: a measure of how well an organism can survive and reproduce in a specific environment B.Types of Adaptations 1.Camouflage 2.Mimicry—similarity of one species to another 3.Antimicrobial resistance

14. Camouflage

15. Mimicry